ADN Exam Questions With Answers and detailed Rationales
Question 1.
A patient with heart failure reports a sudden weight gain of 3 pounds in 24 hours. Which
action should the nurse take first?
A. Assess for peripheral edema
B. Auscultate the lungs for crackles
C. Notify the healthcare provider
D. Review the patient’s sodium intake
Correct Answer: B. Auscultate the lungs for crackles
Explanation: In heart failure, rapid weight gain suggests fluid retention. Assessing lung
sounds for crackles is the priority to identify pulmonary edema, which is a life-threatening
complication.
Question 2.
Which laboratory result is the most specific indicator of myocardial infarction (MI)?
A. Creatine kinase (CK-MB)
B. Myoglobin
C. Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
D. Troponin I
Correct Answer: D. Troponin I
Explanation: Troponin I is a highly specific cardiac marker that rises within 3 to 6 hours
after myocardial injury and stays elevated for up to 10 days.
Question 3.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving Digoxin. For which sign of toxicity should the nurse
monitor?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Increased heart rate
C. Visual disturbances such as yellow halos
D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: C. Visual disturbances such as yellow halos
Explanation: Signs of digoxin toxicity include visual disturbances (yellow/green halos),
nausea, vomiting, and bradycardia.
, Question 4.
What is the primary goal of administering Nitroglycerin to a patient with angina?
A. Dilate coronary arteries and reduce preload
B. Increase the heart rate
C. Decrease the force of contraction
D. Prevent thrombus formation
Correct Answer: A. Dilate coronary arteries and reduce preload
Explanation: Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that reduces preload and dilates coronary
arteries, increasing oxygen supply to the myocardium.
Question 5.
A patient is diagnosed with Right-sided heart failure. Which clinical manifestation should
the nurse expect?
A. Crackles in the lungs
B. Jugular venous distention (JVD)
C. Orthopnea
D. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Correct Answer: B. Jugular venous distention (JVD)
Explanation: Right-sided heart failure causes systemic congestion, leading to JVD,
peripheral edema, and hepatomegaly. Lung symptoms are associated with Left-sided
failure.
Question 6.
Which rhythm is characterized by the absence of P-waves and a ‘sawtooth’ baseline on an
ECG?
A. Atrial Fibrillation
B. Atrial Flutter
C. Ventricular Tachycardia
D. Sinus Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B. Atrial Flutter
Explanation: Atrial flutter is classically identified by sawtooth-shaped flutter waves
instead of P-waves.
Question 1.
A patient with heart failure reports a sudden weight gain of 3 pounds in 24 hours. Which
action should the nurse take first?
A. Assess for peripheral edema
B. Auscultate the lungs for crackles
C. Notify the healthcare provider
D. Review the patient’s sodium intake
Correct Answer: B. Auscultate the lungs for crackles
Explanation: In heart failure, rapid weight gain suggests fluid retention. Assessing lung
sounds for crackles is the priority to identify pulmonary edema, which is a life-threatening
complication.
Question 2.
Which laboratory result is the most specific indicator of myocardial infarction (MI)?
A. Creatine kinase (CK-MB)
B. Myoglobin
C. Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
D. Troponin I
Correct Answer: D. Troponin I
Explanation: Troponin I is a highly specific cardiac marker that rises within 3 to 6 hours
after myocardial injury and stays elevated for up to 10 days.
Question 3.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving Digoxin. For which sign of toxicity should the nurse
monitor?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Increased heart rate
C. Visual disturbances such as yellow halos
D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: C. Visual disturbances such as yellow halos
Explanation: Signs of digoxin toxicity include visual disturbances (yellow/green halos),
nausea, vomiting, and bradycardia.
, Question 4.
What is the primary goal of administering Nitroglycerin to a patient with angina?
A. Dilate coronary arteries and reduce preload
B. Increase the heart rate
C. Decrease the force of contraction
D. Prevent thrombus formation
Correct Answer: A. Dilate coronary arteries and reduce preload
Explanation: Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that reduces preload and dilates coronary
arteries, increasing oxygen supply to the myocardium.
Question 5.
A patient is diagnosed with Right-sided heart failure. Which clinical manifestation should
the nurse expect?
A. Crackles in the lungs
B. Jugular venous distention (JVD)
C. Orthopnea
D. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Correct Answer: B. Jugular venous distention (JVD)
Explanation: Right-sided heart failure causes systemic congestion, leading to JVD,
peripheral edema, and hepatomegaly. Lung symptoms are associated with Left-sided
failure.
Question 6.
Which rhythm is characterized by the absence of P-waves and a ‘sawtooth’ baseline on an
ECG?
A. Atrial Fibrillation
B. Atrial Flutter
C. Ventricular Tachycardia
D. Sinus Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B. Atrial Flutter
Explanation: Atrial flutter is classically identified by sawtooth-shaped flutter waves
instead of P-waves.
