ADN Exam Questions With Answers and detailed Rationales
Question 1.
A patient with COPD is prescribed oxygen therapy. Which of the following delivery
methods and flow rates is most appropriate for a patient who is a carbon dioxide retainer?
A. Non-rebreather mask at 15 L/min
B. Nasal cannula at 1-2 L/min
C. Simple face mask at 8 L/min
D. Venturi mask at 50% FiO2
Correct Answer: B. Nasal cannula at 1-2 L/min
Explanation: In COPD patients who retain CO2, high concentrations of oxygen can
suppress the hypoxic drive to breathe. Low-flow oxygen (1-2 L/min) is typically used to
maintain an SpO2 between 88-92%.
Question 2.
The nurse is assessing a patient with right-sided heart failure. Which clinical manifestation
should the nurse expect to find?
A. Pulmonary crackles
B. Dyspnea on exertion
C. Orthopnea
D. Peripheral edema
Correct Answer: D. Peripheral edema
Explanation: Right-sided heart failure leads to systemic venous congestion, causing
peripheral edema, jugular venous distention, and hepatomegaly. Crackles and dyspnea
are associated with left-sided heart failure.
Question 3.
A patient is diagnosed with Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) caused by H. pylori. Which
combination of medications is most commonly prescribed?
A. Antacids and NSAIDs
B. Laxatives and H2 blockers
C. Beta-blockers and sucralfate
D. PPIs, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin
Correct Answer: D. PPIs, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin
Explanation: Triple therapy for H. pylori typically includes a Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
and two antibiotics (like amoxicillin and clarithromycin) to eradicate the bacteria and heal
the ulcer.
, Question 4.
Which positioning is most effective for a patient experiencing acute shortness of breath
due to heart failure?
A. High-Fowler’s position
B. Supine with legs elevated
C. Prone position
D. Left lateral recumbent
Correct Answer: A. High-Fowler’s position
Explanation: High-Fowler’s position (90 degrees) promotes lung expansion and reduces
venous return to the heart, which helps alleviate pulmonary congestion.
Question 5.
The nurse is educating a patient on a low-sodium diet to manage hypertension. Which food
choice indicates the patient needs further teaching?
A. Fresh steamed broccoli
B. Grilled chicken breast
C. Canned tomato soup
D. Brown rice
Correct Answer: C. Canned tomato soup
Explanation: Canned soups are notoriously high in sodium (processing agent). Fresh
vegetables, plain grains, and fresh meats are better low-sodium options.
Question 6.
Which of the following is a classic symptom of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
A. Pyrosis (heartburn)
B. Rebound tenderness
C. Steatorrhea
D. Hematochezia
Correct Answer: A. Pyrosis (heartburn)
Explanation: Pyrosis, or a burning sensation in the chest (heartburn), is the most
common symptom of GERD caused by acid refluxing into the esophagus.
Question 7.
A patient with asthma is using a Peak Flow Meter. If the reading falls into the ‘Yellow
Zone,’ what should the nurse instruct the patient to do?
A. Continue current routine maintenance
B. Use a rescue inhaler and re-evaluate
C. Seek immediate emergency care
D. Stop all physical activity for 24 hours
Correct Answer: B. Use a rescue inhaler and re-evaluate
Question 1.
A patient with COPD is prescribed oxygen therapy. Which of the following delivery
methods and flow rates is most appropriate for a patient who is a carbon dioxide retainer?
A. Non-rebreather mask at 15 L/min
B. Nasal cannula at 1-2 L/min
C. Simple face mask at 8 L/min
D. Venturi mask at 50% FiO2
Correct Answer: B. Nasal cannula at 1-2 L/min
Explanation: In COPD patients who retain CO2, high concentrations of oxygen can
suppress the hypoxic drive to breathe. Low-flow oxygen (1-2 L/min) is typically used to
maintain an SpO2 between 88-92%.
Question 2.
The nurse is assessing a patient with right-sided heart failure. Which clinical manifestation
should the nurse expect to find?
A. Pulmonary crackles
B. Dyspnea on exertion
C. Orthopnea
D. Peripheral edema
Correct Answer: D. Peripheral edema
Explanation: Right-sided heart failure leads to systemic venous congestion, causing
peripheral edema, jugular venous distention, and hepatomegaly. Crackles and dyspnea
are associated with left-sided heart failure.
Question 3.
A patient is diagnosed with Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) caused by H. pylori. Which
combination of medications is most commonly prescribed?
A. Antacids and NSAIDs
B. Laxatives and H2 blockers
C. Beta-blockers and sucralfate
D. PPIs, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin
Correct Answer: D. PPIs, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin
Explanation: Triple therapy for H. pylori typically includes a Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
and two antibiotics (like amoxicillin and clarithromycin) to eradicate the bacteria and heal
the ulcer.
, Question 4.
Which positioning is most effective for a patient experiencing acute shortness of breath
due to heart failure?
A. High-Fowler’s position
B. Supine with legs elevated
C. Prone position
D. Left lateral recumbent
Correct Answer: A. High-Fowler’s position
Explanation: High-Fowler’s position (90 degrees) promotes lung expansion and reduces
venous return to the heart, which helps alleviate pulmonary congestion.
Question 5.
The nurse is educating a patient on a low-sodium diet to manage hypertension. Which food
choice indicates the patient needs further teaching?
A. Fresh steamed broccoli
B. Grilled chicken breast
C. Canned tomato soup
D. Brown rice
Correct Answer: C. Canned tomato soup
Explanation: Canned soups are notoriously high in sodium (processing agent). Fresh
vegetables, plain grains, and fresh meats are better low-sodium options.
Question 6.
Which of the following is a classic symptom of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
A. Pyrosis (heartburn)
B. Rebound tenderness
C. Steatorrhea
D. Hematochezia
Correct Answer: A. Pyrosis (heartburn)
Explanation: Pyrosis, or a burning sensation in the chest (heartburn), is the most
common symptom of GERD caused by acid refluxing into the esophagus.
Question 7.
A patient with asthma is using a Peak Flow Meter. If the reading falls into the ‘Yellow
Zone,’ what should the nurse instruct the patient to do?
A. Continue current routine maintenance
B. Use a rescue inhaler and re-evaluate
C. Seek immediate emergency care
D. Stop all physical activity for 24 hours
Correct Answer: B. Use a rescue inhaler and re-evaluate
