C168 CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC EXAM
SCRIPT SOLVED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ First-order thinking. Answer: Otherwise known as "ordinary"
thinking, this thinking is spontaneous and non-reflective, contains
insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning, and is indiscriminately
combined.
◉ Second-order thinking. Answer: Otherwise known as "critical"
thinking, this is first-order thinking that is consciously realized (i.e.,
analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed).
◉ Weak-sense critical thinking. Answer: Weak-sense critical thinkers:
1. Ignore the flaws in their own thinking.
2. Often seek to win an argument through intellectual trickery or
deceit.
Weak-sense critical thinking:
1. Lacks key higher-level skills and values of critical thinking.
2. Makes no good faith effort to consider alternative viewpoints.
3. Lacks fair-mindedness.
Weak-sense critical thinkers tend to:
, 1. Employ lower-level rhetorical skills (making unreasonable thinking
appear reasonable, and reasonable thinking appear unreasonable).
2. Employ emotionalism and intellectual trickery.
3. Hide or distort evidence.
◉ Strong-sense critical thinking. Answer: Strong-sense critical
thinking is defined by a consistent pursuit of what is intellectually fair
and just.
Strong-sense critical thinkers:
1. Strive to be ethical.
2. Strive to empathize with others' viewpoints.
3. Will entertain arguments with which they do not agree.
4. Change their views when confronted with superior reasoning.
5. Employ their thinking reasonably rather than manipulatively.
Strong-sense critical thinking requires fair-mindedness combined with
learning basic critical thinking skills.
Fair-mindedness yields many intellectual virtues. It leads us to:
1. Consider all thinking by the same standards.
2. Expect good reasoning from supporters as well as opponents.
3. Apply the same critical criteria to our own logic as to others'
reasoning.
SCRIPT SOLVED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ First-order thinking. Answer: Otherwise known as "ordinary"
thinking, this thinking is spontaneous and non-reflective, contains
insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning, and is indiscriminately
combined.
◉ Second-order thinking. Answer: Otherwise known as "critical"
thinking, this is first-order thinking that is consciously realized (i.e.,
analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed).
◉ Weak-sense critical thinking. Answer: Weak-sense critical thinkers:
1. Ignore the flaws in their own thinking.
2. Often seek to win an argument through intellectual trickery or
deceit.
Weak-sense critical thinking:
1. Lacks key higher-level skills and values of critical thinking.
2. Makes no good faith effort to consider alternative viewpoints.
3. Lacks fair-mindedness.
Weak-sense critical thinkers tend to:
, 1. Employ lower-level rhetorical skills (making unreasonable thinking
appear reasonable, and reasonable thinking appear unreasonable).
2. Employ emotionalism and intellectual trickery.
3. Hide or distort evidence.
◉ Strong-sense critical thinking. Answer: Strong-sense critical
thinking is defined by a consistent pursuit of what is intellectually fair
and just.
Strong-sense critical thinkers:
1. Strive to be ethical.
2. Strive to empathize with others' viewpoints.
3. Will entertain arguments with which they do not agree.
4. Change their views when confronted with superior reasoning.
5. Employ their thinking reasonably rather than manipulatively.
Strong-sense critical thinking requires fair-mindedness combined with
learning basic critical thinking skills.
Fair-mindedness yields many intellectual virtues. It leads us to:
1. Consider all thinking by the same standards.
2. Expect good reasoning from supporters as well as opponents.
3. Apply the same critical criteria to our own logic as to others'
reasoning.
