SNHD AEMT PROTOCOL STUDY SET CORE
PREHOSPITAL CARE AND AEMT STANDARDS
REVIEW 2026
◉ General Adult Trauma History.
Answer: Time and mechanism of injury
damage to structure or vehicle
location in structure or vehicle
other injured or dead
speed and details of MVC
restraints/protective equipment
past medical history
medications
◉ General adult trauma signs and symptoms.
Answer: Pain, swelling
Deformity, lesions, bleeding
AMS or unconscious
Hypotension or shock
Arrest
,◉ General Adult Trauma Differential (life threatening).
Answer: Tension pneumothorax
Flail chest
Pericardial tamponade
Open chest wound
Hemothorax
Intra-abdominal bleeding
Pelvis/femur fracture
Spine fracture/cord injury
Head injury
Extremity fracture
HEENT (airway obstruction)
Hypothermia
◉ General Adult trauma Pearls.
Answer: Recommended exam: mental status, skin, HEENT, heart,
lung, abdomen, extremities, back, neuro
Transport should not be delayed for procedures; ideally procedures
should be performed enroute when possible
Geriatric patients should be evaluated with a high index of
suspicion; occult injuries may be present and geriatric patients can
decompensate quickly
,BVM is an acceptable method of ventilating and managing an airway
if pulse ox can be maintained >90%
◉ Abdominal/Flank Pain, Nausea & Vomiting.
Answer: 1. General adult assessment
2. Signs of hypovolemia
Yes: Vascular access, 500 mL NS or LR bolus; may repeat up to 2000
mL
No
3. Nausea or vomiting
Yes: Paramedic
No
4. Consider Chest Pain (Non Traumatic) and Suspected Acute
Coronary Syndrome protocol
5. Continue General Adult Assessment
◉ Abdominal/Flank Pain, Nausea and Vomiting Histor.
Answer: Age, Medical/surgical history, onset, quality, severity, fever,
menstrual history
◉ Abdominal/Flank pain, nausea and vomiting signs and symptoms.
Answer: Pain location, tenderness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
dysuria, constipation, vaginal bleeding/discharge, pregnancy
, ◉ Abdominal/Flank Pain, Nausea and vomiting Differential.
Answer: Liver (Hepatits); gastritis; gallbladder; MI; pancreatitis;
kidney stone; abdominal aneurysm; appendicitis; bladder/prostate
disorder; Pelvic (PID, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cyst); spleen
enlargement; bowel obstruction; gastroenteritis; ovarian and
testicular torson
◉ Abdominal/Flank Pain, Nausea and vomiting Pearls.
Answer: Recommended exam: mental status, skin, HEENT, heart,
lung, abdomen, back, extremities, neuro
Neuro disorders or signs of hypoperfusion/shock in the presence of
abdominal pain may indicate an aneurysm
Document mental status and vital signs prior to administration of
anti-emetics and pain management
Repeat vital signs after each fluid bolus
In patients >35 yo consider cardiac origin
Consider retroperitoneal palpation for kidney pain
Abdominal pain in women of childbearing age should be considered
pregnancy until proven otherwise
◉ Allergic Reaction.
Answer: 1. General Adult Assessment
2. Evidence of airway involvement/breathing difficulties?
PREHOSPITAL CARE AND AEMT STANDARDS
REVIEW 2026
◉ General Adult Trauma History.
Answer: Time and mechanism of injury
damage to structure or vehicle
location in structure or vehicle
other injured or dead
speed and details of MVC
restraints/protective equipment
past medical history
medications
◉ General adult trauma signs and symptoms.
Answer: Pain, swelling
Deformity, lesions, bleeding
AMS or unconscious
Hypotension or shock
Arrest
,◉ General Adult Trauma Differential (life threatening).
Answer: Tension pneumothorax
Flail chest
Pericardial tamponade
Open chest wound
Hemothorax
Intra-abdominal bleeding
Pelvis/femur fracture
Spine fracture/cord injury
Head injury
Extremity fracture
HEENT (airway obstruction)
Hypothermia
◉ General Adult trauma Pearls.
Answer: Recommended exam: mental status, skin, HEENT, heart,
lung, abdomen, extremities, back, neuro
Transport should not be delayed for procedures; ideally procedures
should be performed enroute when possible
Geriatric patients should be evaluated with a high index of
suspicion; occult injuries may be present and geriatric patients can
decompensate quickly
,BVM is an acceptable method of ventilating and managing an airway
if pulse ox can be maintained >90%
◉ Abdominal/Flank Pain, Nausea & Vomiting.
Answer: 1. General adult assessment
2. Signs of hypovolemia
Yes: Vascular access, 500 mL NS or LR bolus; may repeat up to 2000
mL
No
3. Nausea or vomiting
Yes: Paramedic
No
4. Consider Chest Pain (Non Traumatic) and Suspected Acute
Coronary Syndrome protocol
5. Continue General Adult Assessment
◉ Abdominal/Flank Pain, Nausea and Vomiting Histor.
Answer: Age, Medical/surgical history, onset, quality, severity, fever,
menstrual history
◉ Abdominal/Flank pain, nausea and vomiting signs and symptoms.
Answer: Pain location, tenderness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
dysuria, constipation, vaginal bleeding/discharge, pregnancy
, ◉ Abdominal/Flank Pain, Nausea and vomiting Differential.
Answer: Liver (Hepatits); gastritis; gallbladder; MI; pancreatitis;
kidney stone; abdominal aneurysm; appendicitis; bladder/prostate
disorder; Pelvic (PID, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cyst); spleen
enlargement; bowel obstruction; gastroenteritis; ovarian and
testicular torson
◉ Abdominal/Flank Pain, Nausea and vomiting Pearls.
Answer: Recommended exam: mental status, skin, HEENT, heart,
lung, abdomen, back, extremities, neuro
Neuro disorders or signs of hypoperfusion/shock in the presence of
abdominal pain may indicate an aneurysm
Document mental status and vital signs prior to administration of
anti-emetics and pain management
Repeat vital signs after each fluid bolus
In patients >35 yo consider cardiac origin
Consider retroperitoneal palpation for kidney pain
Abdominal pain in women of childbearing age should be considered
pregnancy until proven otherwise
◉ Allergic Reaction.
Answer: 1. General Adult Assessment
2. Evidence of airway involvement/breathing difficulties?
