C168 CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC EXAM
TEST PAPER WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Richard Paul and Linda Elder. Answer: leading experts on critical
thinking, offer a "start-up" definition that aims to capture its essence:
Critical thinking, they propose in Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking
Charge of Your Learning and Your Life, "is the art of thinking about
thinking while thinking in order to make thinking better."
Fundamentally, it involves thinking about one's own thinking. Critical
thinking comprises three interlinking dimensions:
1. Analyzing one's own thinking- breaking it down into its component
parts.
2. Evaluating one's own thinking- identifying its weaknesses while
recognizing its strengths.
3. Improving one's own thinking- reconstructing it to make it better.
◉ Critical thinkers develop:. Answer: high standards for their own
thinking. They are able to step back from it, assess it, and then act
upon it.
,◉ The goal of critical thinking is. Answer: to bring one's best thinking
to bear in every realm of one's life and in any set of circumstances one
faces. The general aim of our thinking is to figure out, solve, or
resolve some situation, problem, or issue we are confronting. How
well we do so hinges on the soundness and skillfulness of our
thinking.
◉ We maximize the quality of our thinking when we. Answer: learn
how to critique it on our own.
◉ Impediments to sound thinking include the bad habits of thinking
that all of us, to one degree or another, indulge:. Answer: 1. Making
generalizations unsupported by evidence
2. Letting a stereotype* shape our thinking
3. Viewing the world from one fixed vantage point
4. Forming false beliefs
5. Dismissing or attacking viewpoints that conflict with our own
6. Thinking deceptively about our own experiences
,◉ As you learn to recognize these flaws in your thinking, Paul and
Elder suggest, pose the following questions to yourself:. Answer: 1.
Can I learn to avoid bad habits of thought?
2. Can I learn good habits of thought?
3. Can I think at a higher level?
◉ How does the thinking person become an effective self-critic?.
Answer: By making a commitment to learning about thinking.
◉ Serious thinking about thinking is rare in our society. But as Paul
and Elder note. Answer: "The best thinkers make the study of thinking
second nature."
◉ Critical thinking demands. Answer: hard intellectual work. One
cannot improve the quality of one's thinking without a willingness to
undertake the necessary intellectual "heavy lifting." No intellectual
pain, no intellectual gain!
◉ How does one develop as a critical thinker?. Answer: It starts with
consciously noticing how one's thinking operates—i.e., what it is
doing.
And then it involves a commitment to recognizing strengths (on the
one hand) and weaknesses (on the other) in that thinking.
, ◉ Critical thinking provides. Answer: the mental tools and fosters the
intellectual skills needed to reason through anything in life that
demands thought.
◉ Paul and Elder contend that critical thinking should become one's
default mental approach to everything one does. They punctuate the
point with the following:. Answer: CRITICAL THINKING ≠
Something you add onto everything else.
Rather...
CRITICAL THINKING = The way you approach everything you do.
◉ Egocentrism. Answer: is the most obstinate barrier to improved
thinking
from the time we are babies looking at the world from our cribs,
where we are stationary and the world revolves around us, we learn
egocentrism.
is not synonymous with selfishness
is simply a stage in cognitive development
As we age, we leave most of our egocentrism behind.
But because we see literally see the world only through our own eyes,
because our view of the world gets necessarily filtered through our
TEST PAPER WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Richard Paul and Linda Elder. Answer: leading experts on critical
thinking, offer a "start-up" definition that aims to capture its essence:
Critical thinking, they propose in Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking
Charge of Your Learning and Your Life, "is the art of thinking about
thinking while thinking in order to make thinking better."
Fundamentally, it involves thinking about one's own thinking. Critical
thinking comprises three interlinking dimensions:
1. Analyzing one's own thinking- breaking it down into its component
parts.
2. Evaluating one's own thinking- identifying its weaknesses while
recognizing its strengths.
3. Improving one's own thinking- reconstructing it to make it better.
◉ Critical thinkers develop:. Answer: high standards for their own
thinking. They are able to step back from it, assess it, and then act
upon it.
,◉ The goal of critical thinking is. Answer: to bring one's best thinking
to bear in every realm of one's life and in any set of circumstances one
faces. The general aim of our thinking is to figure out, solve, or
resolve some situation, problem, or issue we are confronting. How
well we do so hinges on the soundness and skillfulness of our
thinking.
◉ We maximize the quality of our thinking when we. Answer: learn
how to critique it on our own.
◉ Impediments to sound thinking include the bad habits of thinking
that all of us, to one degree or another, indulge:. Answer: 1. Making
generalizations unsupported by evidence
2. Letting a stereotype* shape our thinking
3. Viewing the world from one fixed vantage point
4. Forming false beliefs
5. Dismissing or attacking viewpoints that conflict with our own
6. Thinking deceptively about our own experiences
,◉ As you learn to recognize these flaws in your thinking, Paul and
Elder suggest, pose the following questions to yourself:. Answer: 1.
Can I learn to avoid bad habits of thought?
2. Can I learn good habits of thought?
3. Can I think at a higher level?
◉ How does the thinking person become an effective self-critic?.
Answer: By making a commitment to learning about thinking.
◉ Serious thinking about thinking is rare in our society. But as Paul
and Elder note. Answer: "The best thinkers make the study of thinking
second nature."
◉ Critical thinking demands. Answer: hard intellectual work. One
cannot improve the quality of one's thinking without a willingness to
undertake the necessary intellectual "heavy lifting." No intellectual
pain, no intellectual gain!
◉ How does one develop as a critical thinker?. Answer: It starts with
consciously noticing how one's thinking operates—i.e., what it is
doing.
And then it involves a commitment to recognizing strengths (on the
one hand) and weaknesses (on the other) in that thinking.
, ◉ Critical thinking provides. Answer: the mental tools and fosters the
intellectual skills needed to reason through anything in life that
demands thought.
◉ Paul and Elder contend that critical thinking should become one's
default mental approach to everything one does. They punctuate the
point with the following:. Answer: CRITICAL THINKING ≠
Something you add onto everything else.
Rather...
CRITICAL THINKING = The way you approach everything you do.
◉ Egocentrism. Answer: is the most obstinate barrier to improved
thinking
from the time we are babies looking at the world from our cribs,
where we are stationary and the world revolves around us, we learn
egocentrism.
is not synonymous with selfishness
is simply a stage in cognitive development
As we age, we leave most of our egocentrism behind.
But because we see literally see the world only through our own eyes,
because our view of the world gets necessarily filtered through our
