NSG 522 Biostats Final — Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, Complete Final Exam Review
Questions and Answers
Introduction
This document provides comprehensive NSG 522 Biostatistics final
exam preparation covering disease frequency, incidence and
prevalence, measures of association, confidence intervals,
epidemiologic study designs, levels of evidence, causation, disease
progression, prevention, infectious disease transmission,
surveillance, vital statistics, screening, and diagnostic test
characteristics. It also covers epidemic classification, case
definitions, person-place-time analysis, and the 14 steps of field
investigation, providing concise question-and-answer material for
final exam review.
Exam Questions and Answers
What are two major measures of disease frequency? --- correct
precise answer ---incidence
prevalence
Prevalence --- correct precise answer ---- refers to the status of
disease, not the onset
- measures the frequency of a disease at a particular point in time
,- measures all cases (old and new) at a specified period in time
Prevalence calculation --- correct precise answer ---- calculated as a
proportion
-number of individuals who have the disease at a particular point in
time/total population at risk at specified time
Incidence --- correct precise answer ----measured the rate at which
people without a disease develop the disease during a specified
period
- measures the onset of disease
- measures the apperance
- incidence = new
Incidence proportion --- correct precise answer ---number of new
cases of a disease in a specified time period / population at risk of
the disease at the start of that time period
- also called: risk, attack rate, probability of developing a disease
Incidence rate --- correct precise answer ---number of new cases of
a disease in a specified time period/time that each person was
observed, totaled for all persons
, - aka "person-time rate"
- most accurate estimate of risk
- more difficult to calculate
- accounts for incomplete data
Levels of evidence --- correct precise answer ---A rating system for
judging the strength of a study's design.
Top: systematic reviews then randomized controlled trials
Bottom: opinion, experience and theory
Systematic reviews: meta analyses --- correct precise answer ----
study of studies
- method used in Cochrane reviews and AHRQ reviews
- very powerful methodology
- stringent criteria for inclusion in the analysis
- quantitative analysis to combine and compare results of the
studies
Experiemental Studies --- correct precise answer ---- randomized
trials
- non randomized
3 Observational studies --- correct precise answer ---- cohort studies
- case-control studies
- cross sectional studies
Biostatistics, Complete Final Exam Review
Questions and Answers
Introduction
This document provides comprehensive NSG 522 Biostatistics final
exam preparation covering disease frequency, incidence and
prevalence, measures of association, confidence intervals,
epidemiologic study designs, levels of evidence, causation, disease
progression, prevention, infectious disease transmission,
surveillance, vital statistics, screening, and diagnostic test
characteristics. It also covers epidemic classification, case
definitions, person-place-time analysis, and the 14 steps of field
investigation, providing concise question-and-answer material for
final exam review.
Exam Questions and Answers
What are two major measures of disease frequency? --- correct
precise answer ---incidence
prevalence
Prevalence --- correct precise answer ---- refers to the status of
disease, not the onset
- measures the frequency of a disease at a particular point in time
,- measures all cases (old and new) at a specified period in time
Prevalence calculation --- correct precise answer ---- calculated as a
proportion
-number of individuals who have the disease at a particular point in
time/total population at risk at specified time
Incidence --- correct precise answer ----measured the rate at which
people without a disease develop the disease during a specified
period
- measures the onset of disease
- measures the apperance
- incidence = new
Incidence proportion --- correct precise answer ---number of new
cases of a disease in a specified time period / population at risk of
the disease at the start of that time period
- also called: risk, attack rate, probability of developing a disease
Incidence rate --- correct precise answer ---number of new cases of
a disease in a specified time period/time that each person was
observed, totaled for all persons
, - aka "person-time rate"
- most accurate estimate of risk
- more difficult to calculate
- accounts for incomplete data
Levels of evidence --- correct precise answer ---A rating system for
judging the strength of a study's design.
Top: systematic reviews then randomized controlled trials
Bottom: opinion, experience and theory
Systematic reviews: meta analyses --- correct precise answer ----
study of studies
- method used in Cochrane reviews and AHRQ reviews
- very powerful methodology
- stringent criteria for inclusion in the analysis
- quantitative analysis to combine and compare results of the
studies
Experiemental Studies --- correct precise answer ---- randomized
trials
- non randomized
3 Observational studies --- correct precise answer ---- cohort studies
- case-control studies
- cross sectional studies
