DAVITA RISE EXAM REVIEW SOLVED QUESTIONS COMPLETE ANSWERS GRADED A PLUS
Question:
● Explain ultrafiltration in hemodialysis.
Answer:
Fluid is pushed through the semipermeable membrane (SPM). Think: wringing out a wet rag.
Question:
● Explain convection in hemodialysis.
Answer:
Solutes DRAG across the semipermeable membrane with fluid
Question:
● Explain diffusion in hemodialysis.
Answer:
PARTICLES move from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration
Question:
● Explain osmosis in hemodialysis.
Answer:
FLUID moves LOW concentration to HIGH concentration
Question:
● What are the kidneys' excretory functions?
Answer:
,To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
Question:
● How do we replace normal excretory kidney functions?
Answer:
By using acid concentrate to help normalize electrolytes and ultrafiltration to provide fluid balance
Question:
● What is the function of acid concentrate.
Answer:
Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
Question:
● What is the function of bicarbonate in the dialysate solution?
Answer:
It buffers the acid concentrate
Question:
● What is the function of bicarbonate when it diffuses into the patient's blood?
Answer:
It normalizes body pH
Question:
● What are some S/Sx of hyperkalemia?
Answer:
K+ > 6.5 mEq extreme muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, and possible cardiac arrest
,Question:
● What are some S/Sx of hypokalemia?
Answer:
K+ < 3.5 mEq fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis, resp. failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias,
cardiac arrest
Question:
● What is the normal blood pH range?
Answer:
7.35 - 7.45
Question:
● What are the kidneys' endocrine functions?
Answer:
Renin secretion Erythropoietin secretion Vitamin d activation
Question:
● How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions?
Answer:
By providing medications
Question:
● How much of normal kidney function is replaced by HD?
Answer:
15%
, Question:
● What is uremia?
Answer:
Uremia is a buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure
Question:
● What does uremia affect?
Answer:
Uremia affects all body systems
Question:
● What are the most common causes of CKD in the US?
Answer:
diabetes, HTN and polycystic kidney disease
Question:
● List the treatment goals for a pt. w/ CKD.
Answer:
-slowing the progression of CKD managing comorbidities and complications controlling symptoms
minimizing the effects if CKD on pt. lifestyles kidney replacement therapy modality education
encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
Question:
● Why is it so important to know what caused your pt.'s CKD?
Answer:
So the RN and PCT can ask about possible problems during data collection and assessment
Question:
● Explain ultrafiltration in hemodialysis.
Answer:
Fluid is pushed through the semipermeable membrane (SPM). Think: wringing out a wet rag.
Question:
● Explain convection in hemodialysis.
Answer:
Solutes DRAG across the semipermeable membrane with fluid
Question:
● Explain diffusion in hemodialysis.
Answer:
PARTICLES move from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration
Question:
● Explain osmosis in hemodialysis.
Answer:
FLUID moves LOW concentration to HIGH concentration
Question:
● What are the kidneys' excretory functions?
Answer:
,To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
Question:
● How do we replace normal excretory kidney functions?
Answer:
By using acid concentrate to help normalize electrolytes and ultrafiltration to provide fluid balance
Question:
● What is the function of acid concentrate.
Answer:
Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
Question:
● What is the function of bicarbonate in the dialysate solution?
Answer:
It buffers the acid concentrate
Question:
● What is the function of bicarbonate when it diffuses into the patient's blood?
Answer:
It normalizes body pH
Question:
● What are some S/Sx of hyperkalemia?
Answer:
K+ > 6.5 mEq extreme muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, and possible cardiac arrest
,Question:
● What are some S/Sx of hypokalemia?
Answer:
K+ < 3.5 mEq fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis, resp. failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias,
cardiac arrest
Question:
● What is the normal blood pH range?
Answer:
7.35 - 7.45
Question:
● What are the kidneys' endocrine functions?
Answer:
Renin secretion Erythropoietin secretion Vitamin d activation
Question:
● How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions?
Answer:
By providing medications
Question:
● How much of normal kidney function is replaced by HD?
Answer:
15%
, Question:
● What is uremia?
Answer:
Uremia is a buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure
Question:
● What does uremia affect?
Answer:
Uremia affects all body systems
Question:
● What are the most common causes of CKD in the US?
Answer:
diabetes, HTN and polycystic kidney disease
Question:
● List the treatment goals for a pt. w/ CKD.
Answer:
-slowing the progression of CKD managing comorbidities and complications controlling symptoms
minimizing the effects if CKD on pt. lifestyles kidney replacement therapy modality education
encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
Question:
● Why is it so important to know what caused your pt.'s CKD?
Answer:
So the RN and PCT can ask about possible problems during data collection and assessment
