COGSCI 180 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS | NEW UPDATE 2026/2027 | GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED PASS.
What are the two approaches to discovering the truth about the self?
Eastern contemplative traditions and Western science
What does epistemology mean?
The theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and
scope, and the distinction between justified belief and opinion.
What is a similarity between scientific and contemplative approaches?
Both are empirically-based and not based on blind adherence to belief or
what authorities say. Scientific: perception/logical
Contemplative: techniques to clear mind
How do scientific and contemplative approaches differ in their perspective?
Science operates from a 3rd person perspective, while contemplation
operates from a 1st person perspective.
What is the introspection objection?
A criticism of the contemplative approach that it is highly subjective and
unreliable, similar to introspection.
How do contemplative traditions address the introspection objection? By
emphasizing that contemplation requires extensive training of the mind to
become stable and clear using specific techniques, unlike introspection.
,How does reproducibility factor into the contemplative approach? There
is interindividual consensus among trained contemplatives with regard to
conclusions, and the results can be reproduced by a particular
investigator at different points in time, as well as by other investigators.
Can conclusions drawn by contemplatives be verified by a third party?
Only if the person has had training in contemplative practices.
How is consensus regarding experts similar in contemplative traditions and
science?
People within both contemplative traditions and the scientific community
generally agree on who the experts are.
What did EEG studies by Richard Davidson find about meditation practice?
Meditation practice is associated with increased left prefrontal activity,
which is known to be associated with optimism and feelings of happiness
and well-being.
What is a koan in Zen practice?
A riddle that a student has to solve to test their progress in Zen practice.
What is the purpose of koans in Zen practice?
To help the student ground their thinking in reality, break free of the
conceptual mind, and induce an experience of kensho (sudden insight or
awakening).
,What is the main argument against contemplatives deceiving themselves?
It is unlikely that numerous sharp-minded people who have refined their
introspective faculties would delude themselves in exactly the same way
across various times in history and locations.
How is progress in contemplative training monitored?
Through structured dialogues between the student and an expert (teacher)
What were the results of Ekman's test on experienced Western meditators?
They achieved results far better than 5000 participants previously tested
including police, lawyers, psychiatrists, and secret service agents.
What is the attentional blink paradigm used to measure in the Slagter et al.
(2007) study?.
Nonjudgmental awareness
What did the retreatants in the Slagter et al. study show compared to
controls?
A marked decrease in attentional blink and a 33% greater detection of
second targets.
How does understanding co-dependent arising help in reducing suffering?
By reducing compulsive attraction and repulsion that leads to afflictive
emotions and problematic actions.
Why do Buddhist contemplatives believe that ordinary perception and
reasoning are insufficient for understanding the self?
Because they involve the judgingcategorizing, conceptual mind, which
prevents us from seeing the self clearly.
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How can real understanding of the self be attained according to Buddhist
contemplatives?
SOLUTIONS | NEW UPDATE 2026/2027 | GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED PASS.
What are the two approaches to discovering the truth about the self?
Eastern contemplative traditions and Western science
What does epistemology mean?
The theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and
scope, and the distinction between justified belief and opinion.
What is a similarity between scientific and contemplative approaches?
Both are empirically-based and not based on blind adherence to belief or
what authorities say. Scientific: perception/logical
Contemplative: techniques to clear mind
How do scientific and contemplative approaches differ in their perspective?
Science operates from a 3rd person perspective, while contemplation
operates from a 1st person perspective.
What is the introspection objection?
A criticism of the contemplative approach that it is highly subjective and
unreliable, similar to introspection.
How do contemplative traditions address the introspection objection? By
emphasizing that contemplation requires extensive training of the mind to
become stable and clear using specific techniques, unlike introspection.
,How does reproducibility factor into the contemplative approach? There
is interindividual consensus among trained contemplatives with regard to
conclusions, and the results can be reproduced by a particular
investigator at different points in time, as well as by other investigators.
Can conclusions drawn by contemplatives be verified by a third party?
Only if the person has had training in contemplative practices.
How is consensus regarding experts similar in contemplative traditions and
science?
People within both contemplative traditions and the scientific community
generally agree on who the experts are.
What did EEG studies by Richard Davidson find about meditation practice?
Meditation practice is associated with increased left prefrontal activity,
which is known to be associated with optimism and feelings of happiness
and well-being.
What is a koan in Zen practice?
A riddle that a student has to solve to test their progress in Zen practice.
What is the purpose of koans in Zen practice?
To help the student ground their thinking in reality, break free of the
conceptual mind, and induce an experience of kensho (sudden insight or
awakening).
,What is the main argument against contemplatives deceiving themselves?
It is unlikely that numerous sharp-minded people who have refined their
introspective faculties would delude themselves in exactly the same way
across various times in history and locations.
How is progress in contemplative training monitored?
Through structured dialogues between the student and an expert (teacher)
What were the results of Ekman's test on experienced Western meditators?
They achieved results far better than 5000 participants previously tested
including police, lawyers, psychiatrists, and secret service agents.
What is the attentional blink paradigm used to measure in the Slagter et al.
(2007) study?.
Nonjudgmental awareness
What did the retreatants in the Slagter et al. study show compared to
controls?
A marked decrease in attentional blink and a 33% greater detection of
second targets.
How does understanding co-dependent arising help in reducing suffering?
By reducing compulsive attraction and repulsion that leads to afflictive
emotions and problematic actions.
Why do Buddhist contemplatives believe that ordinary perception and
reasoning are insufficient for understanding the self?
Because they involve the judgingcategorizing, conceptual mind, which
prevents us from seeing the self clearly.
, Thank you for Purchasing this exam
Study Guide. We provide high-quality
academic materials to help students
excel in exams. Our other Services
include but not limited to: academic
research, University & College
assignments writing, essay writing,
Online Classes, and research
projects. Our services are reliable,
affordable, and plagiarism-free. All
the Best in your Exam. For more
information; Contact us at:
or
0R
+254 741484450
How can real understanding of the self be attained according to Buddhist
contemplatives?
