PN 2002 FINAL REVIEW 2025 2026
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICAL NURSING
STUDY GUIDE PRACTICE QUESTIONS KEY
CONCEPTS and EXAM PREPARATION
Empathy - CORRECT ANSWER-- the ability to be sensitive to and
communicate understanding of the patient's feelings. - therapeutic
communication technique
Sympathy - CORRECT ANSWER-- understanding between people;
common feeling. - not used in nursing practice
SBAR - CORRECT ANSWER-- situation, background, assessment,
recommendations
· is a communication tool that provides a method of clearly communicating
the pertinent information from a clinical encounter
· Situation: client details, identify reason for communication, describe
concerns - CORRECT ANSWER-client details, identify reason for
communication, describe concerns
· Background - CORRECT ANSWER-provide clear, relevant
background information on the patient
,· Assessment: - CORRECT ANSWER-state your professional
conclusion, based on the situation and background (vitals, alert, or not
responding)
· Recommendation - CORRECT ANSWER-being specific of what you
need from the person whom you're talking to
Aphasia - CORRECT ANSWER-- total loss of speech and language
skills cause by brain injury.
· Common causes are stroke (CVA), head injury, brain infection and cancer.
· Three types: Receptive aphasia, expressive aphasia, or both
· Client with aphasia has many emotional needs
Apraxia - CORRECT ANSWER-is caused by damage to the motor
speech area in the outer part of the brain
· Difficult to understand - speech is usually slow
· Inconsistent speech is common
· Difficult to put words in the right order, or find words
Dysarthria - CORRECT ANSWER-- difficulty speaking clearly due to
the paralysis of speech muscles
Dysphasia - CORRECT ANSWER-- is a partial loss of language and
speech skills
, Communicating with someone who has cognitive impairment: -
CORRECT ANSWER-· Face to face
· Eye contact
· Speak slowly and clearly
· Calm, gentle approach
· Use short sentences
· Allow natural breaks and periods of silence
· One message at a time
· Repeat the message
· Use actions, along with words
· Use humor and cheerfulness
Paraphrasing - CORRECT ANSWER-- transforming the patient's
words into the nurse's words while keeping the meaning intac
Validation - CORRECT ANSWER-- a form of feedback involving
verbal and non-verbal confirmation of both participants have the same
basic understanding of a message. Feedback loops validate information that
is being received
False reassurance - CORRECT ANSWER-- using pseudo comforting
phrases to offer reassurance. (non-therapeutic technique)
Mutuality - CORRECT ANSWER-- an agreement on problems and
the means of resolving them. Commitment of both parties to enhance well-
being.
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICAL NURSING
STUDY GUIDE PRACTICE QUESTIONS KEY
CONCEPTS and EXAM PREPARATION
Empathy - CORRECT ANSWER-- the ability to be sensitive to and
communicate understanding of the patient's feelings. - therapeutic
communication technique
Sympathy - CORRECT ANSWER-- understanding between people;
common feeling. - not used in nursing practice
SBAR - CORRECT ANSWER-- situation, background, assessment,
recommendations
· is a communication tool that provides a method of clearly communicating
the pertinent information from a clinical encounter
· Situation: client details, identify reason for communication, describe
concerns - CORRECT ANSWER-client details, identify reason for
communication, describe concerns
· Background - CORRECT ANSWER-provide clear, relevant
background information on the patient
,· Assessment: - CORRECT ANSWER-state your professional
conclusion, based on the situation and background (vitals, alert, or not
responding)
· Recommendation - CORRECT ANSWER-being specific of what you
need from the person whom you're talking to
Aphasia - CORRECT ANSWER-- total loss of speech and language
skills cause by brain injury.
· Common causes are stroke (CVA), head injury, brain infection and cancer.
· Three types: Receptive aphasia, expressive aphasia, or both
· Client with aphasia has many emotional needs
Apraxia - CORRECT ANSWER-is caused by damage to the motor
speech area in the outer part of the brain
· Difficult to understand - speech is usually slow
· Inconsistent speech is common
· Difficult to put words in the right order, or find words
Dysarthria - CORRECT ANSWER-- difficulty speaking clearly due to
the paralysis of speech muscles
Dysphasia - CORRECT ANSWER-- is a partial loss of language and
speech skills
, Communicating with someone who has cognitive impairment: -
CORRECT ANSWER-· Face to face
· Eye contact
· Speak slowly and clearly
· Calm, gentle approach
· Use short sentences
· Allow natural breaks and periods of silence
· One message at a time
· Repeat the message
· Use actions, along with words
· Use humor and cheerfulness
Paraphrasing - CORRECT ANSWER-- transforming the patient's
words into the nurse's words while keeping the meaning intac
Validation - CORRECT ANSWER-- a form of feedback involving
verbal and non-verbal confirmation of both participants have the same
basic understanding of a message. Feedback loops validate information that
is being received
False reassurance - CORRECT ANSWER-- using pseudo comforting
phrases to offer reassurance. (non-therapeutic technique)
Mutuality - CORRECT ANSWER-- an agreement on problems and
the means of resolving them. Commitment of both parties to enhance well-
being.
