D 514 EXAM CERTIFICATION EVALUATION TESTED QUESTIONS FULL SOLUTION GUIDE
Question:
Chi-square tests.
Answer:
Chi-square tests determine if an association exists between two categorical variables.
Question:
Control group.
Answer:
In a healthcare environment, this group of patients does not receive the treatment that is being
studied.
Question:
Experimental group.
Answer:
This group of patients receives the treatment being studied with follow-up observation to determine
the effect of the treatment.
Question:
F-test.
Answer:
The F-test is designed to test if two population variances are equal. The ratio of the two variances is
compared. If they are equal, the ratio of the variances will be 1.
,Question:
Frequency.
Answer:
Frequencies measure how often a particular value occurs to assess the importance of a value or
check the variation of the values in a study.
Question:
Hypothesis.
Answer:
A proposed explanation for an observation that leads to a prediction. Through investigation and the
use of statistical data, those doing the study will either confirm or reject the hypothesis. Testing the
hypothesis will show if there is a link (or not) between two or more variables.
Question:
Integrity.
Answer:
Research always makes some assumptions, depending on the type of method used. Research
assumptions must be identified to determine possible breaches of integrity.
Question:
Interval data.
Answer:
Interval data includes units of equal size, such as IQ results. There is no zero point. An example of
interval scale is time: Time is measured in 24 hours in each day; the time between each hour is the
same, 60 minutes.
Question:
Mean.
Answer:
,Mean is the arithmetic average. Divide the sum of all scores by the total number of scores.
Question:
Median.
Answer:
Median is the midpoint of the distribution of values, or the point above or below which 50 percent of
the values fall.
Question:
Methods section components.
Answer:
When analyzing the quality of a study, a careful evaluation of the research methods can reveal
critical details about population and sample, covariables and hypothesis, data presentation, statistical
analysis, and study limitations.
Question:
Misleading statistics.
Answer:
Interpreting and presenting the results of data analysis affords many opportunities for accidental or
deliberate misrepresentations of data. Common examples include implying causation, extrapolating
beyond the reasonable, relying on a biased or incomplete sample, and using inappropriate graphical
representations.
Question:
Mode.
Answer:
Mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the data.
, Question:
Multivariate regression analyses.
Answer:
Multivariate regression analyses can be used to analyze and adjust risk. This analysis model
contrasts each measured factor to the patient's risk of a particular outcome.
Question:
Nominal data.
Answer:
Nominal data can be measured as a frequency or percentage, and the mean of these data cannot be
calculated. Nominal data in healthcare might include demographic information about patients. The
word nominal means "pertaining to a name."
Question:
Ordinal data.
Answer:
Ordinal data can be measured as a frequency, and the mean of ordinal data is often calculated.
Ordinal data in healthcare might include patient satisfaction surveys using a Likert scale. The word
ordinal means to "put in order."
Question:
Parametric and nonparametric tests.
Answer:
Parametric tests are based on probability distributions. Nonparametric tests are used when data are
not normally distributed.
Question:
Pearson's correlation.
Answer:
Question:
Chi-square tests.
Answer:
Chi-square tests determine if an association exists between two categorical variables.
Question:
Control group.
Answer:
In a healthcare environment, this group of patients does not receive the treatment that is being
studied.
Question:
Experimental group.
Answer:
This group of patients receives the treatment being studied with follow-up observation to determine
the effect of the treatment.
Question:
F-test.
Answer:
The F-test is designed to test if two population variances are equal. The ratio of the two variances is
compared. If they are equal, the ratio of the variances will be 1.
,Question:
Frequency.
Answer:
Frequencies measure how often a particular value occurs to assess the importance of a value or
check the variation of the values in a study.
Question:
Hypothesis.
Answer:
A proposed explanation for an observation that leads to a prediction. Through investigation and the
use of statistical data, those doing the study will either confirm or reject the hypothesis. Testing the
hypothesis will show if there is a link (or not) between two or more variables.
Question:
Integrity.
Answer:
Research always makes some assumptions, depending on the type of method used. Research
assumptions must be identified to determine possible breaches of integrity.
Question:
Interval data.
Answer:
Interval data includes units of equal size, such as IQ results. There is no zero point. An example of
interval scale is time: Time is measured in 24 hours in each day; the time between each hour is the
same, 60 minutes.
Question:
Mean.
Answer:
,Mean is the arithmetic average. Divide the sum of all scores by the total number of scores.
Question:
Median.
Answer:
Median is the midpoint of the distribution of values, or the point above or below which 50 percent of
the values fall.
Question:
Methods section components.
Answer:
When analyzing the quality of a study, a careful evaluation of the research methods can reveal
critical details about population and sample, covariables and hypothesis, data presentation, statistical
analysis, and study limitations.
Question:
Misleading statistics.
Answer:
Interpreting and presenting the results of data analysis affords many opportunities for accidental or
deliberate misrepresentations of data. Common examples include implying causation, extrapolating
beyond the reasonable, relying on a biased or incomplete sample, and using inappropriate graphical
representations.
Question:
Mode.
Answer:
Mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the data.
, Question:
Multivariate regression analyses.
Answer:
Multivariate regression analyses can be used to analyze and adjust risk. This analysis model
contrasts each measured factor to the patient's risk of a particular outcome.
Question:
Nominal data.
Answer:
Nominal data can be measured as a frequency or percentage, and the mean of these data cannot be
calculated. Nominal data in healthcare might include demographic information about patients. The
word nominal means "pertaining to a name."
Question:
Ordinal data.
Answer:
Ordinal data can be measured as a frequency, and the mean of ordinal data is often calculated.
Ordinal data in healthcare might include patient satisfaction surveys using a Likert scale. The word
ordinal means to "put in order."
Question:
Parametric and nonparametric tests.
Answer:
Parametric tests are based on probability distributions. Nonparametric tests are used when data are
not normally distributed.
Question:
Pearson's correlation.
Answer:
