COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE KEY CONCEPTS,
PRACTICE QUESTIONS and EXAM
PREPARATION
Septum - CORRECT ANSWER-Muscular wall that separates the two
ventricles and the two atria
Blood Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-Pressure exerted against
blood vessel walls as circulating blood passes through the vessels
Systemic Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-Maximum blood pressure
exerted during ventricular contractions; highest point in blood pressure
Diastolic Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-Lowest blood pressure
exerted before the ventricles contract; lowest point in blood pressure
Purkinje Fibers - CORRECT ANSWER-In the heart, a fast-
conducting muscle fiber that initiates the almost simultaneous contraction
of all cells of the right and left ventricles; signal for this contraction is
initiated by the SA node and is relayed through the AV node and the Bundle
of His
Electrocardiograms (ECGs) - CORRECT ANSWER-Measure the
change in voltage produced by the hearts electrical signals. Changes in the
,spacing or disappearance of any of the parts of the ECG are used for
diagnosis of heart problems
Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronic inflammation of airways,
sensitive to triggers/allergens, bronchi and bronchioles swell, bronchi
muscles tighten, increased mucus production, managed not cured. Inhaler,
meter dose, dry powder
Lung Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER-Abnormal cells, carcinomas,
reduce surface area, smoking and carcinogens, surgery and chemo
Pharynx - CORRECT ANSWER-Passageway for air into the
respiratory system, as well as for food and water to digestive system
Epiglottis/Glottis - CORRECT ANSWER-Flap of cartilage that lies
behind tongue in front of larynx, closes over opening to trachea
Larynx - CORRECT ANSWER-(voice box), Made from cartilage and
contains vocal chords
Trachea - CORRECT ANSWER-(wind pipe) Breaks off into two
bronchi, Strengthened by cartilaginous arches that prevent it from
collapsing, open part of semicircle faces esophagus-allows it to expand
when swallowing
Inhalation - CORRECT ANSWER-External rib muscles and
diaphragm contract, out and down, thoracic volume increases, pressure
decreases
,Exhalation - CORRECT ANSWER-Diaphragm and rib muscles relax,
in and up, reduces volume of thoracic cavity, pressure increases
Spirograph - CORRECT ANSWER-Represents the amount of air that
moves in and out of the lungs with each breathe
Tidal Volume - CORRECT ANSWER-Volume of air that is inhaled
and exhaled in a normal breathing movement when the body is at rest
Cilia - CORRECT ANSWER-Small hairs lining the nasal passages
and respiratory tract, clean the air by filtering out dust and particles and by
beating ( waving back and forth ) can move dry dirty particles out
Inspiration and Expiration - CORRECT ANSWER-Inhaling and
Exhaling
External Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER-Exchanges oxygen and
carbon dioxide between the air in the lungs and our blood
Internal Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER-Exchanges oxygen and
carbon dioxide between the blood and the cells of our body's tissues
Bronchi - CORRECT ANSWER-Two smaller passageways that enter
right and left lungs
, Bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWER-Each bronchi subdivides many
times to create a branching network of smaller and finer tubes. Bronchioles
do not have cartilaginous rings but bronchi do, providing support. Both
lined with cilia and mucus providing cells
Pleural Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-Each lung is urrounded by
a thing, double layed membrane. Outer layer attaches to the inside of chest
wall, inner layer to the lung. Fluid fills the space in between to make them
adhere to each other. Connects the lungs to thoracic cavity, allowing them
to expand and contract with movement
Insipiratory Reserve Volume - CORRECT ANSWER-The additional
volume of air that can be taken into the lungs, beyond tidal inhalation
Expiratory Reserve Volume - CORRECT ANSWER-The additional
volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs, beyond tidal inhalation
Vital Capacity - CORRECT ANSWER-Total volume of gas that can be
moved into or out of the lungs, Tidal + Inspiratory + Expiratory
Respiratory System - CORRECT ANSWER-In animals, system
responsible for gas exchange, bringing oxygen into the body and removing
carbon dioxide from the body
Thoracic Cavity - CORRECT ANSWER-Chamber of the body of
vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall; ribs, chest, etc.