DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PEDIATRICS
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE AND CHILD HEALTH
CLINICAL REVIEW 2026
◉ Otitis Media Pathophysiology.
Answer: An upper respiratory infection causes congestion and
inflammation, leading to obstruction of the eustachian tube and
accumulation of fluid in the middle ear.
◉ Otitis Media Risk Factors.
Answer: Age (6-24 mos.), recent upper respiratory illness, cigarette
smoke exposure, daycare, bottle-fed babies, family history.
◉ Otitis Media Symptoms.
Answer: Drainage from affected ear(s), fever, pulling at affected
ear(s), ↑ crying or irritability, sleep disturbances, bulging/red
tympanic membrane.
◉ Otitis Media Diagnosis.
Answer: Clinical examination, otoscopy.
◉ Otitis Media Treatment.
, Answer: Acetaminophen or NSAIDS for pain, antibiotics (e.g.,
amoxicillin), myringotomy (tube placement) for recurrent ear
infections.
◉ Otitis Media Follow-up Tips.
Answer: Avoid smoke exposure, get seasonal influenza vaccination.
◉ Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis.
Answer: Highly contagious infection of the oropharynx spread via
respiratory droplets.
◉ Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis Pathophysiology.
Answer: Infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
(GABHS) leads to airway inflammation.
◉ Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis Risk Factors.
Answer: Close contact with infected persons, school-aged children.
◉ Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis Symptoms.
Answer: Sore throat, pain with swallowing, fever, cervical
lymphadenopathy, foul breath odor, tonsillar erythema and exudate
(white patches).
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE AND CHILD HEALTH
CLINICAL REVIEW 2026
◉ Otitis Media Pathophysiology.
Answer: An upper respiratory infection causes congestion and
inflammation, leading to obstruction of the eustachian tube and
accumulation of fluid in the middle ear.
◉ Otitis Media Risk Factors.
Answer: Age (6-24 mos.), recent upper respiratory illness, cigarette
smoke exposure, daycare, bottle-fed babies, family history.
◉ Otitis Media Symptoms.
Answer: Drainage from affected ear(s), fever, pulling at affected
ear(s), ↑ crying or irritability, sleep disturbances, bulging/red
tympanic membrane.
◉ Otitis Media Diagnosis.
Answer: Clinical examination, otoscopy.
◉ Otitis Media Treatment.
, Answer: Acetaminophen or NSAIDS for pain, antibiotics (e.g.,
amoxicillin), myringotomy (tube placement) for recurrent ear
infections.
◉ Otitis Media Follow-up Tips.
Answer: Avoid smoke exposure, get seasonal influenza vaccination.
◉ Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis.
Answer: Highly contagious infection of the oropharynx spread via
respiratory droplets.
◉ Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis Pathophysiology.
Answer: Infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
(GABHS) leads to airway inflammation.
◉ Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis Risk Factors.
Answer: Close contact with infected persons, school-aged children.
◉ Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis Symptoms.
Answer: Sore throat, pain with swallowing, fever, cervical
lymphadenopathy, foul breath odor, tonsillar erythema and exudate
(white patches).
