IVY TECH APHY 102 2026 ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY II ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS FINAL STUDY GUIDE
◉ Genes
Answer: segments of the DNA molecule that code for a particular
trait; a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring
to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
◉ Alleles
Answer: one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by
mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
◉ Homozygous
Answer: purebred; when an individual has two of the same allele,
whether dominant or recessive.
◉ Heterozygous
Answer: hybrid; having one each of two different alleles.
◉ Genotype
, Answer: the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
◉ Phenotype
Answer: the set of observable characteristics of an individual
resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
◉ Homologous chromosomes
Answer: The cell has two sets of each chromosome; one of the pair is
derived from the mother and the other from the father. The maternal
and paternal chromosomes in a homologous pair have the same
genes at the same loci, but possibly different alleles.
◉ Sex chromosomes
Answer: a pair of chromosomes involved with determining the sex of
an organism, typically one of two kinds: XX or XY.
◉ Autosomes
Answer: any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. Humans
have 22 pairs of them.
◉ Karyotype
Answer: diploid chromosomal complement displayed in homologous
pairs
PHYSIOLOGY II ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS FINAL STUDY GUIDE
◉ Genes
Answer: segments of the DNA molecule that code for a particular
trait; a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring
to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
◉ Alleles
Answer: one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by
mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
◉ Homozygous
Answer: purebred; when an individual has two of the same allele,
whether dominant or recessive.
◉ Heterozygous
Answer: hybrid; having one each of two different alleles.
◉ Genotype
, Answer: the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
◉ Phenotype
Answer: the set of observable characteristics of an individual
resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
◉ Homologous chromosomes
Answer: The cell has two sets of each chromosome; one of the pair is
derived from the mother and the other from the father. The maternal
and paternal chromosomes in a homologous pair have the same
genes at the same loci, but possibly different alleles.
◉ Sex chromosomes
Answer: a pair of chromosomes involved with determining the sex of
an organism, typically one of two kinds: XX or XY.
◉ Autosomes
Answer: any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. Humans
have 22 pairs of them.
◉ Karyotype
Answer: diploid chromosomal complement displayed in homologous
pairs
