ISYE 6644 OAN 2 SIMULATION
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ risk factor.
Answer: multiple factor that predispose to a particular disease
◍ pulmonary hypertension.
Answer: increase in pressure in pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein or
pulmonary capillaries
◍ Law of Laplace.
Answer: The pressure required to inflate a sphere is equal to two times the
surface tension divided by the radius of the sphere, or P=2T/r.
◍ ADH.
Answer: -controls the concentration of final urine-secreted from posterior
pituitary (or neurohypophysis)-increase water permeability in the last
segment of the distal tubule and along the entire length of the collecting
ducts, which pass through the inner and outer zones of the medulla-presence
of ADH, water reabsorption is high-can be a cause of oliguria (SIADH)-too
little ADH secretion (DI)
◍ disease.
Answer: an interruption, cessation, or disorder of a body system or organ
structure that is characterized usually by a recognized etiologic agent or
agents, an identifiable group of signs and symptoms, or consistent anatomic
alterations
◍ Obligatory nose breathers.
Answer: Infants up to 2 to 3 months of age are unable to breathe in through
their mouths. Nasal congestion is therefore a serious threat to young infants.
,◍ Bowman space.
Answer: Space inside the Bowman's capsule
◍ syndrome.
Answer: compilation of signs and symptoms that are characterized of a
specific disease
◍ cerebral edema.
Answer: excess accumulation of fluid in extracellular or intracellular spaces
of the brain
◍ Respiratory Center.
Answer: Respirations are controlled neurons in the brainstem: Dorsal
respiratory group (DRG), the ventral respiratory group (VRG), and the
pneumotaxic center, and the apneustic center.
◍ Spasmotic Croup.
Answer: Hoarse voice, barking cough, stridor, sudden onset, usually at night
without viral prodrome. Often resolves as quickly as it develops. Etiology
unknown.
◍ Pathophysiology.
Answer: the cellular and organ changes that occur with disease, but also
with the effects that these changes have on total body function
◍ cyanosis.
Answer: low oxygen saturation
◍ TNF, IL-1.
Answer: In asthmatic response it alters muscarinic receptor function, leading
to increased levels of acetylcholine, which causes bronchial smooth muscle
contraction and mucus secretion-These changes, combined with epithelial
cell damage (caused by eosinophil infiltration) produce acute airway
hyperresponsiveness and obstruction.
◍ obstructive shock.
Answer: type of shock caused by inadequate output as a result of blockage
, of lungs or heart
◍ primary prevention.
Answer: preventing disease occurence
◍ IL-5.
Answer: In asthmatic response it stimulates the activation, migration, and
proliferation of eosinophils, which cause direct tissue injury and release
toxic neuropeptides that contribute to increased bronchial
hyperresponsiveness, fibroblast proliferation, and airway scarring.
◍ chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Answer: blood vessel are narrowed with recurrent blood cloth
◍ Empyema.
Answer: The presence of pus in the pleural space. Thought to develop when
the pulmonary lymphatics become blocked leading to an outpouring of
contaminated lymphatic fluid into the pleural space.
◍ Hypoventilation.
Answer: Results in an increase PACO2 and a decrease in PAO2.
◍ preclinical stage.
Answer: the disease is not clinically evident yet but it is destined to be
◍ Alveolar Type 2 cells.
Answer: Cells of the alveoli which secrete surfactant.
◍ subacute.
Answer: intermediate between chronic and acute
◍ Patho of Chronic Bronchitis.
Answer: Inspired irritants result in airway inflammation with infiltration of
neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes into the bronchial wall.
◍ Squamous cell carcinoma.
Answer: Type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); slow growth
rate-accts for about 30% of bronchogenic carcinomas, representing a sharp
decline in incidence in the past 2 decades-these tumors are typically located
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ risk factor.
Answer: multiple factor that predispose to a particular disease
◍ pulmonary hypertension.
Answer: increase in pressure in pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein or
pulmonary capillaries
◍ Law of Laplace.
Answer: The pressure required to inflate a sphere is equal to two times the
surface tension divided by the radius of the sphere, or P=2T/r.
◍ ADH.
Answer: -controls the concentration of final urine-secreted from posterior
pituitary (or neurohypophysis)-increase water permeability in the last
segment of the distal tubule and along the entire length of the collecting
ducts, which pass through the inner and outer zones of the medulla-presence
of ADH, water reabsorption is high-can be a cause of oliguria (SIADH)-too
little ADH secretion (DI)
◍ disease.
Answer: an interruption, cessation, or disorder of a body system or organ
structure that is characterized usually by a recognized etiologic agent or
agents, an identifiable group of signs and symptoms, or consistent anatomic
alterations
◍ Obligatory nose breathers.
Answer: Infants up to 2 to 3 months of age are unable to breathe in through
their mouths. Nasal congestion is therefore a serious threat to young infants.
,◍ Bowman space.
Answer: Space inside the Bowman's capsule
◍ syndrome.
Answer: compilation of signs and symptoms that are characterized of a
specific disease
◍ cerebral edema.
Answer: excess accumulation of fluid in extracellular or intracellular spaces
of the brain
◍ Respiratory Center.
Answer: Respirations are controlled neurons in the brainstem: Dorsal
respiratory group (DRG), the ventral respiratory group (VRG), and the
pneumotaxic center, and the apneustic center.
◍ Spasmotic Croup.
Answer: Hoarse voice, barking cough, stridor, sudden onset, usually at night
without viral prodrome. Often resolves as quickly as it develops. Etiology
unknown.
◍ Pathophysiology.
Answer: the cellular and organ changes that occur with disease, but also
with the effects that these changes have on total body function
◍ cyanosis.
Answer: low oxygen saturation
◍ TNF, IL-1.
Answer: In asthmatic response it alters muscarinic receptor function, leading
to increased levels of acetylcholine, which causes bronchial smooth muscle
contraction and mucus secretion-These changes, combined with epithelial
cell damage (caused by eosinophil infiltration) produce acute airway
hyperresponsiveness and obstruction.
◍ obstructive shock.
Answer: type of shock caused by inadequate output as a result of blockage
, of lungs or heart
◍ primary prevention.
Answer: preventing disease occurence
◍ IL-5.
Answer: In asthmatic response it stimulates the activation, migration, and
proliferation of eosinophils, which cause direct tissue injury and release
toxic neuropeptides that contribute to increased bronchial
hyperresponsiveness, fibroblast proliferation, and airway scarring.
◍ chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Answer: blood vessel are narrowed with recurrent blood cloth
◍ Empyema.
Answer: The presence of pus in the pleural space. Thought to develop when
the pulmonary lymphatics become blocked leading to an outpouring of
contaminated lymphatic fluid into the pleural space.
◍ Hypoventilation.
Answer: Results in an increase PACO2 and a decrease in PAO2.
◍ preclinical stage.
Answer: the disease is not clinically evident yet but it is destined to be
◍ Alveolar Type 2 cells.
Answer: Cells of the alveoli which secrete surfactant.
◍ subacute.
Answer: intermediate between chronic and acute
◍ Patho of Chronic Bronchitis.
Answer: Inspired irritants result in airway inflammation with infiltration of
neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes into the bronchial wall.
◍ Squamous cell carcinoma.
Answer: Type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); slow growth
rate-accts for about 30% of bronchogenic carcinomas, representing a sharp
decline in incidence in the past 2 decades-these tumors are typically located
