PSYC 301 Midterm #1 || A+ Verified Already.
cognitive processes is only ____ correct answers one way to understand the mind
cognitive psychology correct answers study of the mind
EXPLAIN:
- how people process info about their environ
- mechanisms involved in perceiving, acting, thinking
TESTING IF SOMETHING IS TRUE:
- controlled (lab) experiments
- modeling (simulation and statistical) --> cog. psych and AI
ARRIVING AT A CONSENSUS:
- publications? replications? mostly don't reach consensus
capabilities for a robot to be intelligent correct answers needs to interact w/ environ, learn
algorithms, language capabilities- interpretation/input --> logic, learn from experience, (self-
aware), adaptation to certain situations
cognition involves correct answers perception
paying attention
remembering
distinguishing items in categories
visualizing
understanding and production of language
problem solving
,reasoning and decision-making
^all include "hidden" processes of which we may not be aware
what is the mind? correct answers definition changes based on context
- "He was able to call to mind what he was doing on the day of the accident"
- "If you put your mind to it, I'm sure you can solve that math problem"
- "I haven't made up my mind yet"
- "He is of sound mind and body"
- "He has a brilliant mind"
mind creates and controls mental processes such as correct answers perception, attention,
memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking, reasoning
mind creates representations of the world correct answers so that we can act within it to achieve
our goals
Franciscus Donders correct answers dutch physiologist
1868: one of the first cog experiments measuring how long it takes a person to make a decision
mental responses cannot be measured directly but can be inferred from participant's behaviour --
> still holds for all research in cog psych
RT experiment: measures interval btw stimulus presentation and a person's response to stimulus
RT experiment correct answers Donders
,measures interval btw stimulus presentation and a person's response to stimulus
SIMPLE RT task: participant pushes button quickly after a light appears
CHOICE RT task: participant pushes one button if light is on right side and another if on L side.
RT(choice) - RT(simple) = how long it takes to make a decision
RT(choice) = 1/10th sec longer than RT(simple) --> 1/10th sec to make a decision
Wilhelm Wundt (1896) correct answers founded first psych lab
germany
approach: STRUCTURALISM
experience is determined by combining elements of
experience called sensations
• He wanted to create a "periodic table of the mind" --> said all experience is reduceable to
atomic elements
• would include all of the basic sensations involved in creating
experience
method: ANALYTIC INTROSPECTION
participants trained to describe experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli
• Participants were trained to do their description using
elementary mental elements
• Introspection isn't a great method from the perspective of making quantifiable, repeatable
measurements (see
Watson)
, much closer to modern psychophysics
Ebbinghaus (1885/1913) correct answers Investigated the time course of forgetting
- How rapidly information that is learned is lost over time
• Experiment:
- Used a quantitative method for measuring memory
- Read list of nonsense syllables (so they have no significance to you) aloud many times to
determine number of repetitions necessary to repeat list without errors
- After some time, he relearned the list
(read list of nonsense words, put it away, go back to the list (after varying periods of time), see
what you remember)
• Short intervals = fewer repetitions to relearn
- Learned many different lists at many different retention intervals
savings = (original time to learn the list) - (time to relearn the list after a delay) --> savings as a
function of retention interval
William James correct answers Principles of Psychology (first psych textbook)
early American psychologist who taught the first
psychology course at Harvard
University
• Observations based on the functions of his own mind, not experiments
• Considered many topics in cognition, including thinking, consciousness, attention, memory,
perception, imagination, and reasoning.
cognitive processes is only ____ correct answers one way to understand the mind
cognitive psychology correct answers study of the mind
EXPLAIN:
- how people process info about their environ
- mechanisms involved in perceiving, acting, thinking
TESTING IF SOMETHING IS TRUE:
- controlled (lab) experiments
- modeling (simulation and statistical) --> cog. psych and AI
ARRIVING AT A CONSENSUS:
- publications? replications? mostly don't reach consensus
capabilities for a robot to be intelligent correct answers needs to interact w/ environ, learn
algorithms, language capabilities- interpretation/input --> logic, learn from experience, (self-
aware), adaptation to certain situations
cognition involves correct answers perception
paying attention
remembering
distinguishing items in categories
visualizing
understanding and production of language
problem solving
,reasoning and decision-making
^all include "hidden" processes of which we may not be aware
what is the mind? correct answers definition changes based on context
- "He was able to call to mind what he was doing on the day of the accident"
- "If you put your mind to it, I'm sure you can solve that math problem"
- "I haven't made up my mind yet"
- "He is of sound mind and body"
- "He has a brilliant mind"
mind creates and controls mental processes such as correct answers perception, attention,
memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking, reasoning
mind creates representations of the world correct answers so that we can act within it to achieve
our goals
Franciscus Donders correct answers dutch physiologist
1868: one of the first cog experiments measuring how long it takes a person to make a decision
mental responses cannot be measured directly but can be inferred from participant's behaviour --
> still holds for all research in cog psych
RT experiment: measures interval btw stimulus presentation and a person's response to stimulus
RT experiment correct answers Donders
,measures interval btw stimulus presentation and a person's response to stimulus
SIMPLE RT task: participant pushes button quickly after a light appears
CHOICE RT task: participant pushes one button if light is on right side and another if on L side.
RT(choice) - RT(simple) = how long it takes to make a decision
RT(choice) = 1/10th sec longer than RT(simple) --> 1/10th sec to make a decision
Wilhelm Wundt (1896) correct answers founded first psych lab
germany
approach: STRUCTURALISM
experience is determined by combining elements of
experience called sensations
• He wanted to create a "periodic table of the mind" --> said all experience is reduceable to
atomic elements
• would include all of the basic sensations involved in creating
experience
method: ANALYTIC INTROSPECTION
participants trained to describe experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli
• Participants were trained to do their description using
elementary mental elements
• Introspection isn't a great method from the perspective of making quantifiable, repeatable
measurements (see
Watson)
, much closer to modern psychophysics
Ebbinghaus (1885/1913) correct answers Investigated the time course of forgetting
- How rapidly information that is learned is lost over time
• Experiment:
- Used a quantitative method for measuring memory
- Read list of nonsense syllables (so they have no significance to you) aloud many times to
determine number of repetitions necessary to repeat list without errors
- After some time, he relearned the list
(read list of nonsense words, put it away, go back to the list (after varying periods of time), see
what you remember)
• Short intervals = fewer repetitions to relearn
- Learned many different lists at many different retention intervals
savings = (original time to learn the list) - (time to relearn the list after a delay) --> savings as a
function of retention interval
William James correct answers Principles of Psychology (first psych textbook)
early American psychologist who taught the first
psychology course at Harvard
University
• Observations based on the functions of his own mind, not experiments
• Considered many topics in cognition, including thinking, consciousness, attention, memory,
perception, imagination, and reasoning.
