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ECCO Final Exam 2026/2027 Verified Questions And
Answers||Just Out!!!
What is normal CVP? - ANSWER-2-6
High CVP - ANSWER-fluid volume overload
-R sided heart failure
CVP is a reflection of - ANSWER-pressure in the R atrium
-can measure with a PICC
What does CVP waveform look like? - ANSWER-looks like curved
mountains (look at phone)
-the end of the a wave and beginning of the c wave is where the
QRS peak is on the EKG
-the x downfall of the c wave is where you see the t-wave on
the EKG
-The last v wave and y downfall happens during the break
between the EKG beats
-the end of the y downfall starts the P wave on the EKG
Normal cardiac output - ANSWER-4-8 L/min
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Normal cardiac index - ANSWER-2.8-4 L/min
Normal SVR - ANSWER-800-1200 dynes/sec/cm-5
Normal stroke volume - ANSWER-60-120 ml/beat
Normal PVR - ANSWER-150-250 dyn · s cm-5
On an EKG, a BBB is identified by - ANSWER-a QRS > 0.12
Describe 3rd degree heart block - ANSWER-Atria and Ventricles
beat *independently* of each other. *Complete block of AV
conduction*
-slow rate
Can dopamine be running through a peripheral line? - ANSWER-
Yes, but only for 6-8 hours, it can cause necrosis.
-Needs to run in a central line
Ventilation - ANSWER-movement of air in and out of the lungs
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Perfusion - ANSWER-The actual gas exchange across the
membrane
Shunting - ANSWER-perfusion without ventilation
Dead space - ANSWER-Any portion of the airway that does
contain air and cannot participate in gas exchange, such as the
trachea and bronchi.
Normal ABG values
pH
PaCO2
PO2
HCO3
SaO2 (venous) - ANSWER-pH = 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 = 35-45
PO2 = 80 - 100
HCO3 = 22-26
SaO2 = 70-75% (venous)
ECCO Final Exam 2026/2027 Verified Questions And
Answers||Just Out!!!
What is normal CVP? - ANSWER-2-6
High CVP - ANSWER-fluid volume overload
-R sided heart failure
CVP is a reflection of - ANSWER-pressure in the R atrium
-can measure with a PICC
What does CVP waveform look like? - ANSWER-looks like curved
mountains (look at phone)
-the end of the a wave and beginning of the c wave is where the
QRS peak is on the EKG
-the x downfall of the c wave is where you see the t-wave on
the EKG
-The last v wave and y downfall happens during the break
between the EKG beats
-the end of the y downfall starts the P wave on the EKG
Normal cardiac output - ANSWER-4-8 L/min
,2|Page
Normal cardiac index - ANSWER-2.8-4 L/min
Normal SVR - ANSWER-800-1200 dynes/sec/cm-5
Normal stroke volume - ANSWER-60-120 ml/beat
Normal PVR - ANSWER-150-250 dyn · s cm-5
On an EKG, a BBB is identified by - ANSWER-a QRS > 0.12
Describe 3rd degree heart block - ANSWER-Atria and Ventricles
beat *independently* of each other. *Complete block of AV
conduction*
-slow rate
Can dopamine be running through a peripheral line? - ANSWER-
Yes, but only for 6-8 hours, it can cause necrosis.
-Needs to run in a central line
Ventilation - ANSWER-movement of air in and out of the lungs
, 3|Page
Perfusion - ANSWER-The actual gas exchange across the
membrane
Shunting - ANSWER-perfusion without ventilation
Dead space - ANSWER-Any portion of the airway that does
contain air and cannot participate in gas exchange, such as the
trachea and bronchi.
Normal ABG values
pH
PaCO2
PO2
HCO3
SaO2 (venous) - ANSWER-pH = 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 = 35-45
PO2 = 80 - 100
HCO3 = 22-26
SaO2 = 70-75% (venous)
