NUR 1212C Exam Three Study Guide
with Actual Answers.
S/S of PE: - Answer sudden onset dyspnea, sharp stabbing chest pain, tachycardia, crackles,
diaphoresis, distended neck veins, hypotension
Labs for PE: - Answer BMP, troponin, BNP, d-dimer, ABG, CBC, PTT
Whats used to diagnose a PE? - Answer pulmonary angiography
Left sided heart failure causes (and name), s/s: - Answer CHF: hypertension, CAD, valve disease
s/s: decreased perfusion, pulmonary congestion, edema
systolic heart failure - Answer heart cannot contract well in systole (forward failure)
-blood accumulates in the pulmonary blood vessels
-preload and afterload increases
diastolic heart failure - Answer left ventricle cannot relax well enough which prevents the
ventricle from filling with adequate amounts of blood
-typically ejection fracture stays above 40% (unlike systolic heart failure) but more pressure is
needed to pump
Right sided heart failure causes - Answer left sided heart failure, right ventricular MI,
pulmonary hypertension, structural changes in heart
-right ventricle cannot empty completely resulting in increased volume and pressure which
leads to peripheral edema
Main s/s left sided heart failure: - Answer fatigue, weakness, nocturia, angina, pulmonary
congestion, cool extremities, weak periphereal pulses, S3 S4 summation gallop, frothy pink
sputum, tachycardia
, Main s/s right sided heart failure: - Answer jugular vein distention, systemic congestion,
enlarged liver and spleen, anorexia, dependent edema, distended abdomen, weight gain,
polyuria at night, swollen hands and fingers
surgical management for heart failure - Answer • Ventricular assist device
• Partial left ventriculectomy
• Endoventricular circular patch cardioplasty
• Acorn cardiac support device
myosplint
Drugs patients with heart failure should avoid: - Answer NSAIDs (with the exception of aspirin
due to its blood thinning effects) because NSAIDs can cause sodium and fluid retention
tonic-clonic seizures - Answer last 2-5 minutes, stiffening -> loss of consciousness -> jerking of
all extremities
tonic seizures - Answer increased in muscle tone -> loss of consciousness
clonic seizure - Answer lasts sever minutes and causes muscle contractions
myoclonic seizure - Answer brief jerking or stiffening, lasts just a few seconds, may be
asymmetric
atonic seizure - Answer sudden loss of muscle tone for a few seconds, followed by confusion.
These patients are extremely high fall risk and these types of seizures are very drug resistant
partial seizure - Answer begins in one cerebral hemisphere and divided into complex partial
seizure or simple partial seizure
simple partial - Answer motor symptoms confined to a specific area, remains conscious,
reports an aura
complex partial - Answer altered behavior and wandering where the client is not aware, loses
consciousness for a few seconds
unclassified seizures - Answer idiopathic, account for half of all seizures, and dont fit into a
category
with Actual Answers.
S/S of PE: - Answer sudden onset dyspnea, sharp stabbing chest pain, tachycardia, crackles,
diaphoresis, distended neck veins, hypotension
Labs for PE: - Answer BMP, troponin, BNP, d-dimer, ABG, CBC, PTT
Whats used to diagnose a PE? - Answer pulmonary angiography
Left sided heart failure causes (and name), s/s: - Answer CHF: hypertension, CAD, valve disease
s/s: decreased perfusion, pulmonary congestion, edema
systolic heart failure - Answer heart cannot contract well in systole (forward failure)
-blood accumulates in the pulmonary blood vessels
-preload and afterload increases
diastolic heart failure - Answer left ventricle cannot relax well enough which prevents the
ventricle from filling with adequate amounts of blood
-typically ejection fracture stays above 40% (unlike systolic heart failure) but more pressure is
needed to pump
Right sided heart failure causes - Answer left sided heart failure, right ventricular MI,
pulmonary hypertension, structural changes in heart
-right ventricle cannot empty completely resulting in increased volume and pressure which
leads to peripheral edema
Main s/s left sided heart failure: - Answer fatigue, weakness, nocturia, angina, pulmonary
congestion, cool extremities, weak periphereal pulses, S3 S4 summation gallop, frothy pink
sputum, tachycardia
, Main s/s right sided heart failure: - Answer jugular vein distention, systemic congestion,
enlarged liver and spleen, anorexia, dependent edema, distended abdomen, weight gain,
polyuria at night, swollen hands and fingers
surgical management for heart failure - Answer • Ventricular assist device
• Partial left ventriculectomy
• Endoventricular circular patch cardioplasty
• Acorn cardiac support device
myosplint
Drugs patients with heart failure should avoid: - Answer NSAIDs (with the exception of aspirin
due to its blood thinning effects) because NSAIDs can cause sodium and fluid retention
tonic-clonic seizures - Answer last 2-5 minutes, stiffening -> loss of consciousness -> jerking of
all extremities
tonic seizures - Answer increased in muscle tone -> loss of consciousness
clonic seizure - Answer lasts sever minutes and causes muscle contractions
myoclonic seizure - Answer brief jerking or stiffening, lasts just a few seconds, may be
asymmetric
atonic seizure - Answer sudden loss of muscle tone for a few seconds, followed by confusion.
These patients are extremely high fall risk and these types of seizures are very drug resistant
partial seizure - Answer begins in one cerebral hemisphere and divided into complex partial
seizure or simple partial seizure
simple partial - Answer motor symptoms confined to a specific area, remains conscious,
reports an aura
complex partial - Answer altered behavior and wandering where the client is not aware, loses
consciousness for a few seconds
unclassified seizures - Answer idiopathic, account for half of all seizures, and dont fit into a
category
