Capstone Fundamentals EXAM df df
CAPSTONE FUNDAMENTALS EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS UPGRADED 2026/2027
A nurse is completing a nutritional assessment on a client and measures body mass index (B
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MI). Which of the following readings correlates with a BMI of an overweight client?
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A. 18.5
B. 24.9 df
C. 25 df
D. 32 -Correct Answer ✔C. 25
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Rationale: Healthy weight is indicates by a BMI of 18.5-24.9. Overweight is defined as df df df df df df df df df df df df df
an increased body weight in relation to height. It is indicated by a BMI of 25-29.9.
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Obesity is an excess amount of body fat. It is indicated by a BMI greater than or equal
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to 30. df
Underweight- less than 18.5 df df df
A nurse is verifying nasogastric tube placement by the pH of aspirated gastric fluid.
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Which of the following pH values provides a good indication of correct tube placement?
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A. 2 df
B. 5 df
C. 7 df
D. 9 -Correct Answer ✔A. 2
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Rationale: A good indication of appropriate placement is obtaining gastric contents with df df df df df df df df df df df
a pH between 0 and 4.
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A nurse is caring for a client with a closed head injury. W hen pressure is applied to
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client's nail beds, the client's eyes open and adduction of the arms with flexion of the
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elbows and wrists is noted. The client also moans with stimulation. W hat is the client's
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Glascow Coma Score? df df
A. 4 df
B. 7 df
C. 9 df
D. 10 -Correct Answer ✔B. 7 (comatose) Rationale:
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Eye Opening (ranges from 4- df df df df
1) 4 = spontaneous
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3 = to voice 2
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= to pain 1 =
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none
df
Verbal (ranges from 5- df df df
1) 5 = orienteddf df df
4 = confused
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Capstone Fundamentals EXAM df df
,Capstone Fundamentals EXAM df df
3 = inappropriate words
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2 = incomprehensiblesounds 1=
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none
Motor (raged from 6- df df df
1) 6 = obeys command
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5 = localizes pain 4
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= withdraws
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3 = flexion (decorticate posturing)
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2 = extension (decerebrate posturing) 1
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= none
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A nurse should teach which of the following clients requiring crutches about how to use
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a three-point gait?
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A. A client who is able to bear full weight on both lower extremities.
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B. A client who has bilateral leg braces due to paralysis of the lower extremities.
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C. A client who has a right femur fracture with no weight bearing on the affected leg.
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D. A client who has bilateral knee-replacements with partial weight bearing on both legs.
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-Correct Answer ✔C. A client who has a right femur fracture with no weight bearing on
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the affected leg. df df
Rationale: A three-point gait requires the client to bear all of his weight on one foot. With df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
a three-point gait, the client bears weight on both crutches and then on the uninvolved
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leg, repeating the sequence. The affected leg does not touch the ground.
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A nurse is providing teaching about the Mediterranean diet to a client who has a new
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diagnosis if hypertension. W hich of the following statements by the client indicates a df df df df df df df df df df df df
need for further teaching? df df df
A. "I will limit my intake of red meat to twice weekly."
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B. "I can have dairy in moderate portions daily."
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C. "I can have fish two times a week."
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D. "I can drink wine in moderation." -Correct Answer ✔A. "I will limit my intake of red
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meat to twice weekly." df df df
Rationale: Following the Mediterranean diet, red meat should be limited to two times df df df df df df df df df df df df
monthly. The client should have dairy in moderate portions daily to weekly. The intake
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of fish and seafood is at least two times per week. Drinking wine is acceptable in
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moderation.
A nurse is providing dietary education to a client with cholecystitis who has been prescribed
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a low-
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fat diet. Which of the following meal selections by the client indicates understanding of educ
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ation?
A. Roast beef with gravy, mashed potatoes, ice cream df df df df df df df
B. Macaroni and cheese, salad, pudding df df df df
C. Creamed chicken on a roll with peas df df df df df df
D. Roast turkey, rice pilaf, green beans - df df df df df df
Correct Answer ✔D. Roast turkey, rice pilaf, green beans df df df df df df df df
Rationale: Roast turkey is a low- df df df df df
fat protein option that would be an excellent choice for a low-fat diet.
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Capstone Fundamentals EXAM df df
, Capstone Fundamentals EXAM df df
A client with a cystocele is encouraged to exercise to strengthen pelvic floor muscles and pr
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event pelvis organ prolapse. What exercise will the client need to perform?
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A. Kegel exercises df
B. Isometric exercises df
C. Circumduction exercises df
D. Uterine extension exercises - df df df
Correct Answer ✔A. Kegel exercises Rationale: Kegel exercises strengthen the pe
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lvic floor muscles, which results in
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reduction or prevention of pelvic prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. The other mention
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ed exercises have no direct effect on prevention or reduction of a cystocele.
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A nurse is caring for an older adult client with delirium. W hich intervention will most
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effectively reduce the client's risk for falls? df df df df df df
A. Use of a night-light.
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B. Demonstrate how to use the call light.
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C. Place bedside table in close proximity.
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D. Hourly rounding by the nurse. -Correct Answer ✔D. Hourly rounding by the nurse.
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Rationale: In the health care environment, hourly rounding by the nurse significantly
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reduces the occurrence of client falls as well as reducing call light usage and increasing
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client satisfaction. df
A nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed furosemide. W hich of the
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following foods should the nurse encourage to include in his diet? df df df df df df df df df df
A. Table salt
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B. Egg yolks
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C. White wine
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D. Oranges -Correct Answer ✔D. Oranges
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Rationale: Client prescribed potassium-wasting diuretics should be encouraged to eat
df df df df df df df df df
foods high in potassium. Oranges, dried fruits, tomatoes, avocados, dried peas, meats,
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broccoli, and bananas are all good sources of potassium. Table salt is not a good
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source of potassium. df df
A menopausal client is having difficulty getting to sleep and asks what actions she
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should incorporate in her daily routine to promote sleep. The nurse would encourage
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which of the below measures to promote sleep?
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A. Consume a warm drink at bedtime.
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B. Take an evening walk before bedtime. df df df df df
C. Take an afternoon nap. df df df
D. Limit alcohol and nicotine prior to bedtime. - df df df df df df df
Correct Answer ✔D. Limit alcohol and nicotine prior to bedtime.
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Rationale: Limit alcohol, caffeine (stimulant), and nicotine (stimulant) at least 4 hr before bed
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time. Exercise regularly; limit exercise at least 2 hr before bedtime. Limit fluids 2 to 4 hr before
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bedtime.
A nurse is caring for a client with a stage 2 pressure ulcer. Define the characteristics of the ulc
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er.
Capstone Fundamentals EXAM df df
CAPSTONE FUNDAMENTALS EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS UPGRADED 2026/2027
A nurse is completing a nutritional assessment on a client and measures body mass index (B
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
MI). Which of the following readings correlates with a BMI of an overweight client?
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
A. 18.5
B. 24.9 df
C. 25 df
D. 32 -Correct Answer ✔C. 25
df df df df df
Rationale: Healthy weight is indicates by a BMI of 18.5-24.9. Overweight is defined as df df df df df df df df df df df df df
an increased body weight in relation to height. It is indicated by a BMI of 25-29.9.
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
Obesity is an excess amount of body fat. It is indicated by a BMI greater than or equal
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
to 30. df
Underweight- less than 18.5 df df df
A nurse is verifying nasogastric tube placement by the pH of aspirated gastric fluid.
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
Which of the following pH values provides a good indication of correct tube placement?
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
A. 2 df
B. 5 df
C. 7 df
D. 9 -Correct Answer ✔A. 2
df df df df df
Rationale: A good indication of appropriate placement is obtaining gastric contents with df df df df df df df df df df df
a pH between 0 and 4.
df df df df df
A nurse is caring for a client with a closed head injury. W hen pressure is applied to
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
client's nail beds, the client's eyes open and adduction of the arms with flexion of the
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
elbows and wrists is noted. The client also moans with stimulation. W hat is the client's
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
Glascow Coma Score? df df
A. 4 df
B. 7 df
C. 9 df
D. 10 -Correct Answer ✔B. 7 (comatose) Rationale:
df df df df df df df
Eye Opening (ranges from 4- df df df df
1) 4 = spontaneous
df df df
3 = to voice 2
df df df df
= to pain 1 =
df df df df df
none
df
Verbal (ranges from 5- df df df
1) 5 = orienteddf df df
4 = confused
df df
Capstone Fundamentals EXAM df df
,Capstone Fundamentals EXAM df df
3 = inappropriate words
df df df
2 = incomprehensiblesounds 1=
df df df df df
none
Motor (raged from 6- df df df
1) 6 = obeys command
df df df df
5 = localizes pain 4
df df df df df
= withdraws
df
3 = flexion (decorticate posturing)
df df df df
2 = extension (decerebrate posturing) 1
df df df df df df
= none
df
A nurse should teach which of the following clients requiring crutches about how to use
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
a three-point gait?
df df
A. A client who is able to bear full weight on both lower extremities.
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
B. A client who has bilateral leg braces due to paralysis of the lower extremities.
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
C. A client who has a right femur fracture with no weight bearing on the affected leg.
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
D. A client who has bilateral knee-replacements with partial weight bearing on both legs.
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
-Correct Answer ✔C. A client who has a right femur fracture with no weight bearing on
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
the affected leg. df df
Rationale: A three-point gait requires the client to bear all of his weight on one foot. With df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
a three-point gait, the client bears weight on both crutches and then on the uninvolved
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
leg, repeating the sequence. The affected leg does not touch the ground.
df df df df df df df df df df df
A nurse is providing teaching about the Mediterranean diet to a client who has a new
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
diagnosis if hypertension. W hich of the following statements by the client indicates a df df df df df df df df df df df df
need for further teaching? df df df
A. "I will limit my intake of red meat to twice weekly."
df df df df df df df df df df df
B. "I can have dairy in moderate portions daily."
df df df df df df df df
C. "I can have fish two times a week."
df df df df df df df df
D. "I can drink wine in moderation." -Correct Answer ✔A. "I will limit my intake of red
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
meat to twice weekly." df df df
Rationale: Following the Mediterranean diet, red meat should be limited to two times df df df df df df df df df df df df
monthly. The client should have dairy in moderate portions daily to weekly. The intake
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
of fish and seafood is at least two times per week. Drinking wine is acceptable in
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
moderation.
A nurse is providing dietary education to a client with cholecystitis who has been prescribed
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
a low-
df
fat diet. Which of the following meal selections by the client indicates understanding of educ
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
ation?
A. Roast beef with gravy, mashed potatoes, ice cream df df df df df df df
B. Macaroni and cheese, salad, pudding df df df df
C. Creamed chicken on a roll with peas df df df df df df
D. Roast turkey, rice pilaf, green beans - df df df df df df
Correct Answer ✔D. Roast turkey, rice pilaf, green beans df df df df df df df df
Rationale: Roast turkey is a low- df df df df df
fat protein option that would be an excellent choice for a low-fat diet.
df df df df df df df df df df df df
Capstone Fundamentals EXAM df df
, Capstone Fundamentals EXAM df df
A client with a cystocele is encouraged to exercise to strengthen pelvic floor muscles and pr
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
event pelvis organ prolapse. What exercise will the client need to perform?
df df df df df df df df df df df
A. Kegel exercises df
B. Isometric exercises df
C. Circumduction exercises df
D. Uterine extension exercises - df df df
Correct Answer ✔A. Kegel exercises Rationale: Kegel exercises strengthen the pe
df df df df df df df df df df
lvic floor muscles, which results in
df df df df df
reduction or prevention of pelvic prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. The other mention
df df df df df df df df df df df df
ed exercises have no direct effect on prevention or reduction of a cystocele.
df df df df df df df df df df df df
A nurse is caring for an older adult client with delirium. W hich intervention will most
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
effectively reduce the client's risk for falls? df df df df df df
A. Use of a night-light.
df df df df
B. Demonstrate how to use the call light.
df df df df df df df
C. Place bedside table in close proximity.
df df df df df df
D. Hourly rounding by the nurse. -Correct Answer ✔D. Hourly rounding by the nurse.
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
Rationale: In the health care environment, hourly rounding by the nurse significantly
df df df df df df df df df df df
reduces the occurrence of client falls as well as reducing call light usage and increasing
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
client satisfaction. df
A nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed furosemide. W hich of the
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
following foods should the nurse encourage to include in his diet? df df df df df df df df df df
A. Table salt
df df
B. Egg yolks
df df
C. White wine
df df
D. Oranges -Correct Answer ✔D. Oranges
df df df df df
Rationale: Client prescribed potassium-wasting diuretics should be encouraged to eat
df df df df df df df df df
foods high in potassium. Oranges, dried fruits, tomatoes, avocados, dried peas, meats,
df df df df df df df df df df df
broccoli, and bananas are all good sources of potassium. Table salt is not a good
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
source of potassium. df df
A menopausal client is having difficulty getting to sleep and asks what actions she
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
should incorporate in her daily routine to promote sleep. The nurse would encourage
df df df df df df df df df df df df
which of the below measures to promote sleep?
df df df df df df df
A. Consume a warm drink at bedtime.
df df df df df df
B. Take an evening walk before bedtime. df df df df df
C. Take an afternoon nap. df df df
D. Limit alcohol and nicotine prior to bedtime. - df df df df df df df
Correct Answer ✔D. Limit alcohol and nicotine prior to bedtime.
df df df df df df df df df
Rationale: Limit alcohol, caffeine (stimulant), and nicotine (stimulant) at least 4 hr before bed
df df df df df df df df df df df df df
time. Exercise regularly; limit exercise at least 2 hr before bedtime. Limit fluids 2 to 4 hr before
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
bedtime.
A nurse is caring for a client with a stage 2 pressure ulcer. Define the characteristics of the ulc
df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df df
er.
Capstone Fundamentals EXAM df df
