AP Biology Questions with CORRECT Answers
Question:
What do the results of a chi square test tell you
Answer:
The chi-squared statistic is a single number that tells you how much difference exists
between your observed counts and the counts you would expect if there were no
relationship at all in the population
Question:
Meiosis
Answer:
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
Question:
- Occurs in Prophase I
- Allows for genetic variation
List the mechanisms which create genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms.
Answer:
Genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a
population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between
homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's
offspring).
Question:
List at least 4 conserved processes, molecules, or cell components which support the
concept of a universal common ancestor.
Answer:
Homologous structures
Question:
Amino Acid Sequencing (DNA) Embryology (many embryos look the same) Fossil
Records Define Mendel's two laws and state their cellular basis and limitations.
Answer:
1) The Law of Segregation: Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair.
, Question:
Mendel's laws apply widely, but not to all living things. They apply to any organism
which is diploid (has two paired sets of chromosomes) and which engages in sexual
reproduction. They would not apply to bacteria, for example, or to asexual reproduction.
How do we use probability rules to predict the results of genetic crosses?
Answer:
The way in which the alleles segregate is random, and probability allows the calculation
of the likelihood that a particular allele combination will occur in offspring.
Question:
The probability of outcome A or outcome B (or both). This is often referred to as joint
probability. If outcomes A and B are mutually exclusive, then p(A,B) = p(A) + p(B). How
does meiosis result in the transmission of chromosomes from one generation to the next
Answer:
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes (1 from each parent) pair along their
lengths. The chromosomescross over at points called chiasma. At each chiasma, the
chromosomes break and rejoin, trading some of their genes. This recombination results
in genetic variation.
Question:
Haploid (n)
Answer:
having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
Question:
Diploid (2n)
Answer:
two copies of each chromosome
Question:
Sexual reproduction takes a haploid from the and a haploid from the to make a diploid
Answer:
egg; sperm
Question:
What do the results of a chi square test tell you
Answer:
The chi-squared statistic is a single number that tells you how much difference exists
between your observed counts and the counts you would expect if there were no
relationship at all in the population
Question:
Meiosis
Answer:
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
Question:
- Occurs in Prophase I
- Allows for genetic variation
List the mechanisms which create genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms.
Answer:
Genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a
population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between
homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's
offspring).
Question:
List at least 4 conserved processes, molecules, or cell components which support the
concept of a universal common ancestor.
Answer:
Homologous structures
Question:
Amino Acid Sequencing (DNA) Embryology (many embryos look the same) Fossil
Records Define Mendel's two laws and state their cellular basis and limitations.
Answer:
1) The Law of Segregation: Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair.
, Question:
Mendel's laws apply widely, but not to all living things. They apply to any organism
which is diploid (has two paired sets of chromosomes) and which engages in sexual
reproduction. They would not apply to bacteria, for example, or to asexual reproduction.
How do we use probability rules to predict the results of genetic crosses?
Answer:
The way in which the alleles segregate is random, and probability allows the calculation
of the likelihood that a particular allele combination will occur in offspring.
Question:
The probability of outcome A or outcome B (or both). This is often referred to as joint
probability. If outcomes A and B are mutually exclusive, then p(A,B) = p(A) + p(B). How
does meiosis result in the transmission of chromosomes from one generation to the next
Answer:
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes (1 from each parent) pair along their
lengths. The chromosomescross over at points called chiasma. At each chiasma, the
chromosomes break and rejoin, trading some of their genes. This recombination results
in genetic variation.
Question:
Haploid (n)
Answer:
having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
Question:
Diploid (2n)
Answer:
two copies of each chromosome
Question:
Sexual reproduction takes a haploid from the and a haploid from the to make a diploid
Answer:
egg; sperm
