BIOS 252 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
REVIEW MATERIAL
●● What are characteristics of skeletal muscle?
Answer: Striated, voluntary, multinucleated, somatic nervous system
control
●● What are characteristics of smooth muscle?
Answer: Non-striated, involuntary, uninucleated, autonomic nervous
control
●● What are characteristics of cardiac muscle?
Answer: Striated, branching, uninucleated, involuntary, autonomic
nervous control, intercalated discs (gap junctions)
●● What is the thick filament?
Answer: Myosin
●● What is the thin filament?
Answer: Actin
,●● What are mediating proteins of muscle tissue?
Answer: Troponin and Tropomyosin
●● What does Calcium bind to?
Answer: Troponin
●● Where does Calcium come from?
Answer: Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
●● When Calcium binds to Troponin, what happens?
Answer: There is a confirmational change wherein Troponin moves
Tropomyosin away so that Myosin can bind to Actin
●● What are characteristics of all muscles?
Answer: Electrical excitability, extensibility, elasticity, contractility
●● What are the three meninges from outer to inner, including spaces?
Answer: Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Subarachnoid Space (where CSF
is found), Pia Mater (directly attached to spinal cord and brain)
●● What is the filum terminale?
Answer: An extension of the Pia Mater which attaches the spinal cord to
coccygeal segment
, ●● What is an isometric contraction?
Answer: Length of muscle does not change, but tension does
●● What is an isotonic contraction?
Answer: Length of muscle changes, but tension does not
●● What is a concentric isotonic contraction?
Answer: Muscle shortens
●● What is an eccentric isotonic contraction?
Answer: Muscle lengthens
●● What is an agonist?
Answer: Prime mover
●● What is an antagonist?
Answer: Opposes action of the prime mover
●● What is a synergist?
Answer: An "assistant" or "helper" muscle to the agonist
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
REVIEW MATERIAL
●● What are characteristics of skeletal muscle?
Answer: Striated, voluntary, multinucleated, somatic nervous system
control
●● What are characteristics of smooth muscle?
Answer: Non-striated, involuntary, uninucleated, autonomic nervous
control
●● What are characteristics of cardiac muscle?
Answer: Striated, branching, uninucleated, involuntary, autonomic
nervous control, intercalated discs (gap junctions)
●● What is the thick filament?
Answer: Myosin
●● What is the thin filament?
Answer: Actin
,●● What are mediating proteins of muscle tissue?
Answer: Troponin and Tropomyosin
●● What does Calcium bind to?
Answer: Troponin
●● Where does Calcium come from?
Answer: Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
●● When Calcium binds to Troponin, what happens?
Answer: There is a confirmational change wherein Troponin moves
Tropomyosin away so that Myosin can bind to Actin
●● What are characteristics of all muscles?
Answer: Electrical excitability, extensibility, elasticity, contractility
●● What are the three meninges from outer to inner, including spaces?
Answer: Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Subarachnoid Space (where CSF
is found), Pia Mater (directly attached to spinal cord and brain)
●● What is the filum terminale?
Answer: An extension of the Pia Mater which attaches the spinal cord to
coccygeal segment
, ●● What is an isometric contraction?
Answer: Length of muscle does not change, but tension does
●● What is an isotonic contraction?
Answer: Length of muscle changes, but tension does not
●● What is a concentric isotonic contraction?
Answer: Muscle shortens
●● What is an eccentric isotonic contraction?
Answer: Muscle lengthens
●● What is an agonist?
Answer: Prime mover
●● What is an antagonist?
Answer: Opposes action of the prime mover
●● What is a synergist?
Answer: An "assistant" or "helper" muscle to the agonist
