Wilkes University NSG 212 Nursing Care Adult Client I Final Exam
(pdf) | 2026/2027 | Nursing Care Q&A | Nursing
1. Which definition of health, according to the World Health Organization,
emphasizes a positive concept of health?
A) The prevention of disease through the use of fresh air, pure water, and
cleanliness
B) A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease
C) The ability to maintain normal roles and realize developmental and
behavioral potential
D) A dynamic state of being in which an individual strives toward optimal
functioning
Correct Answer: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being,
not merely the absence of disease
Rationale: The WHO defines health as a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. This
definition is foundational in nursing, emphasizing a holistic view of health.
The other options represent definitions from Florence Nightingale and the
American Nurses Association.
2. A nurse is using Maslow's hierarchy of needs to prioritize care. Which
patient need should the nurse address first?
A) The need for self-esteem and recognition from peers
B) The need for love and belonging within a family unit
C) The need for safety and security from environmental harm
D) The need for oxygen and adequate circulation
Correct Answer: The need for oxygen and adequate circulation
,Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy places physiological needs, such as oxygen,
water, and food, at the most basic level. These needs must be met first as
they are essential for survival. Safety, love/belonging, and self-esteem are
higher-level needs that can be addressed after physiological needs are
stabilized.
3. A nurse is gathering data from a patient. Which statement by the patient
represents subjective data?
A) "My blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg."
B) "I feel nauseous and dizzy."
C) "The patient's skin is warm and dry."
D) "The patient's heart rate is 88 beats per minute."
Correct Answer: "I feel nauseous and dizzy."
Rationale: Subjective data are the patient's verbal descriptions of their health
problems, which cannot be verified by another person. Feelings of nausea
and dizziness are symptoms reported by the patient. Objective data, such as
blood pressure, skin condition, and heart rate, are observable and
measurable.
4. A nurse is caring for a patient who is at risk for falls. Which factor is the
most significant contributor to fall risk in older adults?
A) History of falls
B) Impaired vision
C) Medication regimen
D) Postural hypotension
Correct Answer: History of falls
,Rationale: A history of falls is one of the strongest predictors of future falls.
While impaired vision, medication regimens, and postural hypotension are
significant contributing factors, a previous fall indicates an established
pattern of risk and is a key focus of fall prevention assessments.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer medication. Which of the following is
the most important action to ensure patient safety?
A) Checking the patient's room number
B) Asking the patient their name and date of birth
C) Reviewing the patient's diagnosis
D) Ensuring the medication is given with food
Correct Answer: Asking the patient their name and date of birth
Rationale: Verifying the patient's identity using two identifiers, such as name
and date of birth, is the most critical safety step in medication
administration. This ensures the right patient receives the medication,
preventing potentially fatal errors. Room number and diagnosis are not
reliable identifiers.
6. A nurse is teaching a patient about fire safety in the home. Which
component of the RACE acronym is the priority action during a fire?
A) Rescue anyone in immediate danger
B) Alert the fire department
C) Contain the fire by closing doors
D) Extinguish the fire if possible
Correct Answer: Rescue anyone in immediate danger
, Rationale: The RACE acronym stands for Rescue, Alarm, Contain, and
Extinguish. The priority is always to rescue anyone in immediate danger from
the fire. This action saves lives before other steps, such as alerting
authorities or attempting to contain the fire, are taken.
7. What is the primary purpose of a comprehensive nursing assessment?
A) To establish a baseline of the patient's health status
B) To identify a specific medical diagnosis
C) To evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment plan
D) To document the patient's response to illness
Correct Answer: To establish a baseline of the patient's health status
Rationale: A comprehensive assessment is a detailed health history and
physical examination performed to establish a baseline of the patient's
health status. This allows the nurse to identify any deviations from normal
and plan appropriate care. Nursing assessments focus on the client's
response to illness, not just the pathology.
8. A nurse is caring for a patient with impaired mobility. Which of the
following is a serious complication of immobility?
A) Increased appetite
B) Decreased risk of falls
C) Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
D) Improved circulation
Correct Answer: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Rationale: Immobility leads to venous stasis, which significantly increases the
risk of developing a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This is a life-threatening
(pdf) | 2026/2027 | Nursing Care Q&A | Nursing
1. Which definition of health, according to the World Health Organization,
emphasizes a positive concept of health?
A) The prevention of disease through the use of fresh air, pure water, and
cleanliness
B) A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease
C) The ability to maintain normal roles and realize developmental and
behavioral potential
D) A dynamic state of being in which an individual strives toward optimal
functioning
Correct Answer: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being,
not merely the absence of disease
Rationale: The WHO defines health as a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. This
definition is foundational in nursing, emphasizing a holistic view of health.
The other options represent definitions from Florence Nightingale and the
American Nurses Association.
2. A nurse is using Maslow's hierarchy of needs to prioritize care. Which
patient need should the nurse address first?
A) The need for self-esteem and recognition from peers
B) The need for love and belonging within a family unit
C) The need for safety and security from environmental harm
D) The need for oxygen and adequate circulation
Correct Answer: The need for oxygen and adequate circulation
,Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy places physiological needs, such as oxygen,
water, and food, at the most basic level. These needs must be met first as
they are essential for survival. Safety, love/belonging, and self-esteem are
higher-level needs that can be addressed after physiological needs are
stabilized.
3. A nurse is gathering data from a patient. Which statement by the patient
represents subjective data?
A) "My blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg."
B) "I feel nauseous and dizzy."
C) "The patient's skin is warm and dry."
D) "The patient's heart rate is 88 beats per minute."
Correct Answer: "I feel nauseous and dizzy."
Rationale: Subjective data are the patient's verbal descriptions of their health
problems, which cannot be verified by another person. Feelings of nausea
and dizziness are symptoms reported by the patient. Objective data, such as
blood pressure, skin condition, and heart rate, are observable and
measurable.
4. A nurse is caring for a patient who is at risk for falls. Which factor is the
most significant contributor to fall risk in older adults?
A) History of falls
B) Impaired vision
C) Medication regimen
D) Postural hypotension
Correct Answer: History of falls
,Rationale: A history of falls is one of the strongest predictors of future falls.
While impaired vision, medication regimens, and postural hypotension are
significant contributing factors, a previous fall indicates an established
pattern of risk and is a key focus of fall prevention assessments.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer medication. Which of the following is
the most important action to ensure patient safety?
A) Checking the patient's room number
B) Asking the patient their name and date of birth
C) Reviewing the patient's diagnosis
D) Ensuring the medication is given with food
Correct Answer: Asking the patient their name and date of birth
Rationale: Verifying the patient's identity using two identifiers, such as name
and date of birth, is the most critical safety step in medication
administration. This ensures the right patient receives the medication,
preventing potentially fatal errors. Room number and diagnosis are not
reliable identifiers.
6. A nurse is teaching a patient about fire safety in the home. Which
component of the RACE acronym is the priority action during a fire?
A) Rescue anyone in immediate danger
B) Alert the fire department
C) Contain the fire by closing doors
D) Extinguish the fire if possible
Correct Answer: Rescue anyone in immediate danger
, Rationale: The RACE acronym stands for Rescue, Alarm, Contain, and
Extinguish. The priority is always to rescue anyone in immediate danger from
the fire. This action saves lives before other steps, such as alerting
authorities or attempting to contain the fire, are taken.
7. What is the primary purpose of a comprehensive nursing assessment?
A) To establish a baseline of the patient's health status
B) To identify a specific medical diagnosis
C) To evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment plan
D) To document the patient's response to illness
Correct Answer: To establish a baseline of the patient's health status
Rationale: A comprehensive assessment is a detailed health history and
physical examination performed to establish a baseline of the patient's
health status. This allows the nurse to identify any deviations from normal
and plan appropriate care. Nursing assessments focus on the client's
response to illness, not just the pathology.
8. A nurse is caring for a patient with impaired mobility. Which of the
following is a serious complication of immobility?
A) Increased appetite
B) Decreased risk of falls
C) Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
D) Improved circulation
Correct Answer: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Rationale: Immobility leads to venous stasis, which significantly increases the
risk of developing a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This is a life-threatening
