PSYC 255 QUIZ 3 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
ASSESSMENT SCRIPT SOLVED QUESTIONS
ANSWERS UPDATED REVIEW SET
◉ Between-subjects design.
Answer: different participants are assigned to each of the conditions
of the experiment
- researchers typically minimize the potential confounding effects of
each subject by random assignment
◉ Advantages of between-subjects design.
Answer: 1) because each participant only engages in one condition,
effects caused by exposure to one condition (e.g., stress) can't carry
over to other conditions.
2) some scientific questions can only be examined using a between-
subjects design
3) even when its possible to expose participants to every condition,
doing so may require developing different but equivalent versions of
the same task, and it also may tip off participants about the
hypothesis being tested or true purpose of a study
4) Finally, there may be other reasons why it would be inadvisable to
have each individual participate in all the conditions.
,◉ Disadvantages of between-subjects design.
Answer: 1) although they usually are effective in creating equivalent
groups across the various conditions of an experiment, they are less
effective at this than are within-subjects designs
2) IV will have to work harder in an between-subjects design, will
need to have a "greater effect" than it would need in an within-
subjects design
3) the experimenter has to recruit and study more participants--
often many more--in order to gather the same amount of
information
◉ Within-subjects design.
Answer: each participant engages in every condition of the
experiment one or more times.
◉ Common approaches to creating independent variables.
Answer: 1) altering the physical environment
2) altering the social environment
3) varying an intervention provided to people
4) varying the task that participants perform
5) varying the strategy the people are instructed to use when
performing a task
6) manipulating an organism's characteristics
, ◉ Experimental condition/group.
Answer: involves exposing participants to a treatment or an "active"
level of the IV.
◉ Control condition/group.
Answer: participants do not receive the treatment of interest or are
exposed to a baseline level of an IV
◉ Type of between-subject design (independent groups-design).
Answer: participants are randomly assigned to the various
conditions of the experiment
◉ Block randomization.
Answer: we conduct a single round of all the conditions, then
another round, then another, for as many rounds as needed to
complete the experiment. Within each round, the order of conditions
is randomly determined.
◉ matching variable.
Answer: a characteristic on which we match sets of individuals as
closely as possible.
◉ matched-groups design.
ASSESSMENT SCRIPT SOLVED QUESTIONS
ANSWERS UPDATED REVIEW SET
◉ Between-subjects design.
Answer: different participants are assigned to each of the conditions
of the experiment
- researchers typically minimize the potential confounding effects of
each subject by random assignment
◉ Advantages of between-subjects design.
Answer: 1) because each participant only engages in one condition,
effects caused by exposure to one condition (e.g., stress) can't carry
over to other conditions.
2) some scientific questions can only be examined using a between-
subjects design
3) even when its possible to expose participants to every condition,
doing so may require developing different but equivalent versions of
the same task, and it also may tip off participants about the
hypothesis being tested or true purpose of a study
4) Finally, there may be other reasons why it would be inadvisable to
have each individual participate in all the conditions.
,◉ Disadvantages of between-subjects design.
Answer: 1) although they usually are effective in creating equivalent
groups across the various conditions of an experiment, they are less
effective at this than are within-subjects designs
2) IV will have to work harder in an between-subjects design, will
need to have a "greater effect" than it would need in an within-
subjects design
3) the experimenter has to recruit and study more participants--
often many more--in order to gather the same amount of
information
◉ Within-subjects design.
Answer: each participant engages in every condition of the
experiment one or more times.
◉ Common approaches to creating independent variables.
Answer: 1) altering the physical environment
2) altering the social environment
3) varying an intervention provided to people
4) varying the task that participants perform
5) varying the strategy the people are instructed to use when
performing a task
6) manipulating an organism's characteristics
, ◉ Experimental condition/group.
Answer: involves exposing participants to a treatment or an "active"
level of the IV.
◉ Control condition/group.
Answer: participants do not receive the treatment of interest or are
exposed to a baseline level of an IV
◉ Type of between-subject design (independent groups-design).
Answer: participants are randomly assigned to the various
conditions of the experiment
◉ Block randomization.
Answer: we conduct a single round of all the conditions, then
another round, then another, for as many rounds as needed to
complete the experiment. Within each round, the order of conditions
is randomly determined.
◉ matching variable.
Answer: a characteristic on which we match sets of individuals as
closely as possible.
◉ matched-groups design.
