ONSONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate Exam Newest Questions and
Answers
1. The cell cycle is best described as which of the following?
A. The process by which cells absorb nutrients and remove waste
B. The ordered series of events involving DNA replication and cell
division
C. The process by which cancer cells avoid immune detection
D. The breakdown of damaged cells through apoptosis
Answer B. The ordered series of events involving DNA replication and
cell division
Rationale: The cell cycle is the organized process by which a cell
grows, replicates its DNA, and divides through mitosis to form
daughter cells.
2. Which cell structure primarily regulates DNA replication and cell
division?
A. Cell membrane
B. Mitochondria
C. Cell nucleus
D. Ribosome
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,Answer C. Cell nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus contains the cell’s genetic material and
regulates DNA replication, mitosis, and other key processes by
processing complex molecular signals.
3. Cell division produces two genetically identical daughter cells
through which two major phases?
A. Apoptosis and necrosis
B. Interphase and mitotic phase
C. Diffusion and osmosis
D. Transcription and translation
Answer B. Interphase and mitotic phase
Rationale: Cell division occurs through interphase, when the cell
grows and replicates DNA, and the mitotic phase, when the replicated
chromosomes are separated into two daughter cells.
4. Which phases are included in interphase?
A. G1, S, and G2 phases
B. G1 and M phases only
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,C. S phase and mitotic phase only
D. M phase and cytokinesis only
Answer A. G1, S, and G2 phases
Rationale: Interphase includes the first growth phase / G1, synthesis
phase / S, and second growth phase / G2. The M phase is separate
and refers to mitosis/cell division.
5. What primarily occurs during the first growth phase, also called
G1?
A. DNA is separated into two daughter cells
B. DNA is replicated into identical chromatids
C. The cell increases in size and prepares for DNA synthesis
D. The cell completes mitosis and cytokinesis
Answer C. The cell increases in size and prepares for DNA synthesis
Rationale: During G1, the cell grows, produces RNA and proteins, and
undergoes “quality assurance” checks to determine whether it is
ready to enter DNA synthesis.
6. Which event occurs during the synthesis phase, or S phase, of the
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,cell cycle?
A. DNA replication occurs
B. Chromosomes separate into daughter cells
C. The cell exits into the resting phase
D. The nuclear membrane permanently breaks down
Answer A. DNA replication occurs
Rationale: During the S phase, DNA is replicated, forming identical
pairs of DNA called sister chromatids, which are attached at the
centromere.
7. During the mitotic phase, or M phase, what happens to replicated
chromosomes?
A. They are destroyed by lysosomes
B. They are aligned, separated, and distributed into two identical
daughter cells
C. They remain inactive in the resting phase
D. They are converted into RNA
Answer B. They are aligned, separated, and distributed into two
identical daughter cells
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Certificate Exam Newest Questions and
Answers
1. The cell cycle is best described as which of the following?
A. The process by which cells absorb nutrients and remove waste
B. The ordered series of events involving DNA replication and cell
division
C. The process by which cancer cells avoid immune detection
D. The breakdown of damaged cells through apoptosis
Answer B. The ordered series of events involving DNA replication and
cell division
Rationale: The cell cycle is the organized process by which a cell
grows, replicates its DNA, and divides through mitosis to form
daughter cells.
2. Which cell structure primarily regulates DNA replication and cell
division?
A. Cell membrane
B. Mitochondria
C. Cell nucleus
D. Ribosome
1/
46
,Answer C. Cell nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus contains the cell’s genetic material and
regulates DNA replication, mitosis, and other key processes by
processing complex molecular signals.
3. Cell division produces two genetically identical daughter cells
through which two major phases?
A. Apoptosis and necrosis
B. Interphase and mitotic phase
C. Diffusion and osmosis
D. Transcription and translation
Answer B. Interphase and mitotic phase
Rationale: Cell division occurs through interphase, when the cell
grows and replicates DNA, and the mitotic phase, when the replicated
chromosomes are separated into two daughter cells.
4. Which phases are included in interphase?
A. G1, S, and G2 phases
B. G1 and M phases only
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46
,C. S phase and mitotic phase only
D. M phase and cytokinesis only
Answer A. G1, S, and G2 phases
Rationale: Interphase includes the first growth phase / G1, synthesis
phase / S, and second growth phase / G2. The M phase is separate
and refers to mitosis/cell division.
5. What primarily occurs during the first growth phase, also called
G1?
A. DNA is separated into two daughter cells
B. DNA is replicated into identical chromatids
C. The cell increases in size and prepares for DNA synthesis
D. The cell completes mitosis and cytokinesis
Answer C. The cell increases in size and prepares for DNA synthesis
Rationale: During G1, the cell grows, produces RNA and proteins, and
undergoes “quality assurance” checks to determine whether it is
ready to enter DNA synthesis.
6. Which event occurs during the synthesis phase, or S phase, of the
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46
,cell cycle?
A. DNA replication occurs
B. Chromosomes separate into daughter cells
C. The cell exits into the resting phase
D. The nuclear membrane permanently breaks down
Answer A. DNA replication occurs
Rationale: During the S phase, DNA is replicated, forming identical
pairs of DNA called sister chromatids, which are attached at the
centromere.
7. During the mitotic phase, or M phase, what happens to replicated
chromosomes?
A. They are destroyed by lysosomes
B. They are aligned, separated, and distributed into two identical
daughter cells
C. They remain inactive in the resting phase
D. They are converted into RNA
Answer B. They are aligned, separated, and distributed into two
identical daughter cells
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46
