Galen College NU 110 Exam 4 (pdf) | 2026/2027 | Integrated Human
Sciences Q&A | Human Sciences
1. Which of the following correctly describes the divisions of the nervous
system?
A) Central nervous system (CNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS)
B) Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
C) Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
D) Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer: Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous
system (PNS)
Rationale: The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system
(brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (nerves extending
from the CNS to the rest of the body). The autonomic and somatic systems
are divisions of the PNS, while sympathetic and parasympathetic are
branches of the ANS.
2. The part of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons is the:
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Cell body (soma)
D) Myelin sheath
Correct Answer: Dendrite
Rationale: Dendrites are branched extensions that receive chemical signals
from other neurons and convert them into electrical impulses toward the cell
body. The axon transmits signals away from the cell body, and the myelin
sheath insulates the axon.
,3. What is the tiny space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons
called?
A) Synaptic cleft
B) Nodes of Ranvier
C) Dendrite
D) Soma
Correct Answer: Synaptic cleft
Rationale: The synaptic cleft is the microscopic gap between neurons where
neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals. Nodes of Ranvier are
gaps in the myelin sheath, while dendrites and soma are parts of the neuron
itself.
4. The neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate
muscle contraction is:
A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) Acetylcholine
D) GABA
Correct Answer: Acetylcholine
Rationale: Acetylcholine (ACh) is released at the neuromuscular junction and
binds to receptors on muscle fibers, causing depolarization and contraction.
Dopamine and serotonin are CNS neurotransmitters, while GABA is an
inhibitory neurotransmitter.
,5. The brainstem includes which of the following structures?
A) Cerebrum and cerebellum
B) Thalamus and hypothalamus
C) Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
D) Cerebral cortex and basal ganglia
Correct Answer: Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Rationale: The brainstem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
oblongata. These structures control basic life functions such as breathing,
heart rate, and blood pressure. The cerebrum and cerebellum are separate
structures, and the thalamus and hypothalamus are part of the
diencephalon.
6. Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic nervous system?
A) Decreased heart rate
B) Increased digestive activity
C) Pupil dilation
D) Bronchial constriction
Correct Answer: Pupil dilation
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system activates the "fight-or-flight"
response, causing pupil dilation, increased heart rate, bronchodilation, and
decreased digestive activity. The parasympathetic system produces the
opposite effects, including pupil constriction and increased digestion.
7. What is the correct sequence of events in an action potential?
A) Repolarization, depolarization, resting state
, B) Resting state, depolarization, repolarization
C) Depolarization, resting state, repolarization
D) Resting state, repolarization, depolarization
Correct Answer: Resting state, depolarization, repolarization
Rationale: An action potential follows this sequence: resting state (polarized
membrane), depolarization (sodium influx makes the inside positive), and
repolarization (potassium efflux restores the negative resting potential).
8. The meninges are layers of protective tissue that cover the:
A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Brain and spinal cord
D) Kidneys
Correct Answer: Brain and spinal cord
Rationale: The meninges are three protective layers (dura mater, arachnoid
mater, and pia mater) that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. They
provide physical protection and contain cerebrospinal fluid.
9. Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for vision?
A) Frontal lobe
B) Parietal lobe
C) Temporal lobe
D) Occipital lobe
Sciences Q&A | Human Sciences
1. Which of the following correctly describes the divisions of the nervous
system?
A) Central nervous system (CNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS)
B) Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
C) Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
D) Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer: Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous
system (PNS)
Rationale: The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system
(brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (nerves extending
from the CNS to the rest of the body). The autonomic and somatic systems
are divisions of the PNS, while sympathetic and parasympathetic are
branches of the ANS.
2. The part of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons is the:
A) Axon
B) Dendrite
C) Cell body (soma)
D) Myelin sheath
Correct Answer: Dendrite
Rationale: Dendrites are branched extensions that receive chemical signals
from other neurons and convert them into electrical impulses toward the cell
body. The axon transmits signals away from the cell body, and the myelin
sheath insulates the axon.
,3. What is the tiny space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons
called?
A) Synaptic cleft
B) Nodes of Ranvier
C) Dendrite
D) Soma
Correct Answer: Synaptic cleft
Rationale: The synaptic cleft is the microscopic gap between neurons where
neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals. Nodes of Ranvier are
gaps in the myelin sheath, while dendrites and soma are parts of the neuron
itself.
4. The neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate
muscle contraction is:
A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) Acetylcholine
D) GABA
Correct Answer: Acetylcholine
Rationale: Acetylcholine (ACh) is released at the neuromuscular junction and
binds to receptors on muscle fibers, causing depolarization and contraction.
Dopamine and serotonin are CNS neurotransmitters, while GABA is an
inhibitory neurotransmitter.
,5. The brainstem includes which of the following structures?
A) Cerebrum and cerebellum
B) Thalamus and hypothalamus
C) Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
D) Cerebral cortex and basal ganglia
Correct Answer: Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Rationale: The brainstem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
oblongata. These structures control basic life functions such as breathing,
heart rate, and blood pressure. The cerebrum and cerebellum are separate
structures, and the thalamus and hypothalamus are part of the
diencephalon.
6. Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic nervous system?
A) Decreased heart rate
B) Increased digestive activity
C) Pupil dilation
D) Bronchial constriction
Correct Answer: Pupil dilation
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system activates the "fight-or-flight"
response, causing pupil dilation, increased heart rate, bronchodilation, and
decreased digestive activity. The parasympathetic system produces the
opposite effects, including pupil constriction and increased digestion.
7. What is the correct sequence of events in an action potential?
A) Repolarization, depolarization, resting state
, B) Resting state, depolarization, repolarization
C) Depolarization, resting state, repolarization
D) Resting state, repolarization, depolarization
Correct Answer: Resting state, depolarization, repolarization
Rationale: An action potential follows this sequence: resting state (polarized
membrane), depolarization (sodium influx makes the inside positive), and
repolarization (potassium efflux restores the negative resting potential).
8. The meninges are layers of protective tissue that cover the:
A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Brain and spinal cord
D) Kidneys
Correct Answer: Brain and spinal cord
Rationale: The meninges are three protective layers (dura mater, arachnoid
mater, and pia mater) that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. They
provide physical protection and contain cerebrospinal fluid.
9. Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for vision?
A) Frontal lobe
B) Parietal lobe
C) Temporal lobe
D) Occipital lobe
