BIOD 151 Anatomy & Physiology I Exam 1 – Latest Updated 2025–2026
| 75 Fully Solved Questions + Rationales
1. A patient lies face upward for an examination. This position is:
A. lateral recumbent only
B. supine
C. anatomical flexion
D. prone
Answer: B. supine
Rationale: Supine means lying on the back with the face upward.
2. Which membrane process moves glucose down its concentration gradient through a carrier
without ATP?
A. primary active transport
B. exocytosis
C. phagocytosis
D. facilitated diffusion
Answer: D. facilitated diffusion
Rationale: Facilitated diffusion uses specific membrane proteins but no direct ATP because movement is
down a gradient.
3. Which organelle is most directly responsible for oxidative phosphorylation?
A. mitochondrion
B. Golgi apparatus
C. nucleolus
D. lysosome
Answer: A. mitochondrion
Rationale: Oxidative phosphorylation occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
4. Which homeostatic mechanism tends to reverse a deviation from a set range?
A. negative feedback
B. feed-forward amplification only
C. irreversible signaling
D. positive feedback
Answer: A. negative feedback
Rationale: Negative feedback opposes a change and stabilizes physiologic variables.
5. A 10x ocular and 10x objective produce a total magnification of:
A. 100x
B. 1,000x
C. 10x
D. 20x
Answer: A. 100x
Rationale: Total magnification equals ocular power multiplied by objective power.
6. A body structure farther from the point of limb attachment is described as:
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, A. proximal
B. superficial
C. medial
D. distal
Answer: D. distal
Rationale: Distal means farther from the point of attachment or origin.
7. Which respiratory cell secretes surfactant?
A. type I alveolar cell
B. type II alveolar cell
C. ciliated tracheal cell
D. alveolar macrophage
Answer: B. type II alveolar cell
Rationale: Type II pneumocytes produce surfactant, reducing alveolar surface tension.
8. During quiet inspiration, contraction of the diaphragm causes thoracic volume to:
A. remain unchanged
B. increase
C. collapse to residual volume
D. decrease
Answer: B. increase
Rationale: Diaphragmatic contraction enlarges the thoracic cavity and lowers alveolar pressure.
9. Most oxygen in arterial blood is carried:
A. bound to hemoglobin
B. dissolved in plasma only
C. as bicarbonate
D. bound to albumin
Answer: A. bound to hemoglobin
Rationale: Hemoglobin transports the vast majority of oxygen in blood.
10. A low FEV1/FVC ratio most strongly suggests:
A. restrictive disease only
B. obstructive airflow limitation
C. normal lung function in all patients
D. increased lung compliance only
Answer: B. obstructive airflow limitation
Rationale: Obstruction disproportionately reduces first-second forced expiratory flow.
11. The major site of external respiration is the:
A. trachea
B. nasal cavity
C. alveolar-capillary membrane
D. larynx
Answer: C. alveolar-capillary membrane
Rationale: Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the thin alveolar-capillary barrier.
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| 75 Fully Solved Questions + Rationales
1. A patient lies face upward for an examination. This position is:
A. lateral recumbent only
B. supine
C. anatomical flexion
D. prone
Answer: B. supine
Rationale: Supine means lying on the back with the face upward.
2. Which membrane process moves glucose down its concentration gradient through a carrier
without ATP?
A. primary active transport
B. exocytosis
C. phagocytosis
D. facilitated diffusion
Answer: D. facilitated diffusion
Rationale: Facilitated diffusion uses specific membrane proteins but no direct ATP because movement is
down a gradient.
3. Which organelle is most directly responsible for oxidative phosphorylation?
A. mitochondrion
B. Golgi apparatus
C. nucleolus
D. lysosome
Answer: A. mitochondrion
Rationale: Oxidative phosphorylation occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
4. Which homeostatic mechanism tends to reverse a deviation from a set range?
A. negative feedback
B. feed-forward amplification only
C. irreversible signaling
D. positive feedback
Answer: A. negative feedback
Rationale: Negative feedback opposes a change and stabilizes physiologic variables.
5. A 10x ocular and 10x objective produce a total magnification of:
A. 100x
B. 1,000x
C. 10x
D. 20x
Answer: A. 100x
Rationale: Total magnification equals ocular power multiplied by objective power.
6. A body structure farther from the point of limb attachment is described as:
Page 1
, A. proximal
B. superficial
C. medial
D. distal
Answer: D. distal
Rationale: Distal means farther from the point of attachment or origin.
7. Which respiratory cell secretes surfactant?
A. type I alveolar cell
B. type II alveolar cell
C. ciliated tracheal cell
D. alveolar macrophage
Answer: B. type II alveolar cell
Rationale: Type II pneumocytes produce surfactant, reducing alveolar surface tension.
8. During quiet inspiration, contraction of the diaphragm causes thoracic volume to:
A. remain unchanged
B. increase
C. collapse to residual volume
D. decrease
Answer: B. increase
Rationale: Diaphragmatic contraction enlarges the thoracic cavity and lowers alveolar pressure.
9. Most oxygen in arterial blood is carried:
A. bound to hemoglobin
B. dissolved in plasma only
C. as bicarbonate
D. bound to albumin
Answer: A. bound to hemoglobin
Rationale: Hemoglobin transports the vast majority of oxygen in blood.
10. A low FEV1/FVC ratio most strongly suggests:
A. restrictive disease only
B. obstructive airflow limitation
C. normal lung function in all patients
D. increased lung compliance only
Answer: B. obstructive airflow limitation
Rationale: Obstruction disproportionately reduces first-second forced expiratory flow.
11. The major site of external respiration is the:
A. trachea
B. nasal cavity
C. alveolar-capillary membrane
D. larynx
Answer: C. alveolar-capillary membrane
Rationale: Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the thin alveolar-capillary barrier.
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