ESSENTIALS IN NUTRITION BIOD 121
MODULE 3 EXAM REVIEW 2026 UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
COMPLETE GUIDE
◉ An intermediary compound in the metabolism of the amino acids
methionine and cysteine that can build up in the bloodstream when
the diet is inadequate in folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12,
which are all needed for the metabolic conversions.
Answer: homocysteine
◉ A series of condensation reactions between amino acids that build
a protein, directed by the genetic code, which occurs by
transcription of DNA and translation of mRNA.
Answer: protein synthesis
◉ Large, magnesium-containing molecules that can be seen as green
pigments found in life-forms capable of photosynthesis.
Answer: chlorophyll
◉ The secretions from the salivary glands in the mouth that contain
the enzyme salivary amylase, which begins starch digestion.
,Answer: saliva
◉ A substance with aqueous and lipid affinities (water-soluble and
fat-soluble chemical attractions), such as bile and lecithin, that
promotes the formation of a stable mixture, or emulsion, of oil and
water.
Answer: emulsifier
◉ Highly unstable and reactive molecules produced as a by-product
of oxygen metabolism, which damage cell structures unless
stabilized by an antioxidant.
Answer: reactive oxygen species
◉ - omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with 20 carbons and five
double bonds
- has health-promoting properties, is present in fish
- is synthesized in limited amounts in the body from the essential
omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (18 carbons with three
double bonds).
Answer: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
◉ An accessory organ of digestion that stores bile produced by the
liver.
Answer: gallbladder
, ◉ The level of total cholesterol in the bloodstream, including mostly
LDL and HDL; it is at a desirable level when it is less than 200
mg/dL.
Answer: serum cholesterol
◉ A type of cell that covers the cavities, surfaces, and structures of
the body, notably the respiratory tract, skin, and lining of the GI
tract.
Answer: epithelial
◉ A hormone secreted by cells of the stomach that induces the
production and secretion of gastric juice.
Answer: gastrin
◉ An enzyme that hydrolyzes the starch amylose (cleaves the alpha
bonds between the glucose molecules).
Answer: amylase
◉ Organic, biological molecules produced by a living organism that
make up cells, tissues, organs, and systems and include proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Answer: biomolecules
MODULE 3 EXAM REVIEW 2026 UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
COMPLETE GUIDE
◉ An intermediary compound in the metabolism of the amino acids
methionine and cysteine that can build up in the bloodstream when
the diet is inadequate in folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12,
which are all needed for the metabolic conversions.
Answer: homocysteine
◉ A series of condensation reactions between amino acids that build
a protein, directed by the genetic code, which occurs by
transcription of DNA and translation of mRNA.
Answer: protein synthesis
◉ Large, magnesium-containing molecules that can be seen as green
pigments found in life-forms capable of photosynthesis.
Answer: chlorophyll
◉ The secretions from the salivary glands in the mouth that contain
the enzyme salivary amylase, which begins starch digestion.
,Answer: saliva
◉ A substance with aqueous and lipid affinities (water-soluble and
fat-soluble chemical attractions), such as bile and lecithin, that
promotes the formation of a stable mixture, or emulsion, of oil and
water.
Answer: emulsifier
◉ Highly unstable and reactive molecules produced as a by-product
of oxygen metabolism, which damage cell structures unless
stabilized by an antioxidant.
Answer: reactive oxygen species
◉ - omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with 20 carbons and five
double bonds
- has health-promoting properties, is present in fish
- is synthesized in limited amounts in the body from the essential
omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (18 carbons with three
double bonds).
Answer: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
◉ An accessory organ of digestion that stores bile produced by the
liver.
Answer: gallbladder
, ◉ The level of total cholesterol in the bloodstream, including mostly
LDL and HDL; it is at a desirable level when it is less than 200
mg/dL.
Answer: serum cholesterol
◉ A type of cell that covers the cavities, surfaces, and structures of
the body, notably the respiratory tract, skin, and lining of the GI
tract.
Answer: epithelial
◉ A hormone secreted by cells of the stomach that induces the
production and secretion of gastric juice.
Answer: gastrin
◉ An enzyme that hydrolyzes the starch amylose (cleaves the alpha
bonds between the glucose molecules).
Answer: amylase
◉ Organic, biological molecules produced by a living organism that
make up cells, tissues, organs, and systems and include proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Answer: biomolecules
