ESSENTIALS IN NUTRITION BIOD 121 FINAL
EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED RESPONSES
GRADED A+
⩥ Digestive enzymes specifically break down food substances.
Examples include:
________ for carbohydrate
________ for protein, and
________ for Lipids/Fat.
Answer: - amylase
- protease
- lipase
⩥ Chemicals produced by cells (typically in an endocrine gland), and are
secreted, then affect the behavior of cells at distal sites in the body.
Answer: hormones
⩥ Examples of hormones in digestion include:
_________ and __________.
Answer: cholecystokinin, secretin.
,⩥ a muscular wave action that occurs throughout the intestinal tract. It is
controlled by the central nervous system and facilitates excretion by
propelling food stuff through the body.
Answer: Peristalsis
⩥ what are the 3 accessory organs
Answer: 1- Liver
2- Gallbladder
3- Pancreas
⩥ - Makes enzymes for the chemical digestion of carbs, proteins, and
fats
- Makes sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid
Answer: pancreas
⩥ • _______ - Makes bile
• _______ - Stores bile
Answer: - liver
- gallbladder
⩥ Nutrients like water & lipid byproducts pass freely across membranes
via a concentration gradient.
Answer: Passive (Simple) Diffusion (Transport)
,⩥ Nutrients like water soluble vitamins diffuse across membranes using
a specific/selective transport proteins
Answer: Facilitated Diffusion (Transport)
⩥ Nutrients like glucose & amino acids move across membranes against
a concentration gradient using a specific/selective transport protein &
energy/ATP.
Answer: Active Transport
⩥ Transportation of Nutrients
• _________: water soluble nutrients
• _________: fat soluble nutrients
Answer: - Blood vessels
- Lymphatic vessels
⩥ Breaking down (things get smaller). Involve hydrolysis reactions. Are
degrading or destructive in nature.
Answer: Catabolic reactions
⩥ Building up (things get bigger). Involve condensation reactions. Are
synthesizing or constructive in nature.
Answer: Anabolic reactions
, ⩥ The balance of catabolic and anabolic reactions in a person so a
relatively stable internal environment or equilibrium is achieved.
Answer: Homeostasis
⩥ Sites of Absorption
• ________ & ________: many nutrients
• ________: only selected nutrients
• ________: water
Answer: - Duodenum, Jejunum
- Ileum
- Colon (large Intestine)
⩥ • protein strand is broken & amino acids are released.
• Occurs by protease enzymes secreted by the pancreas & GI mucosal
cells.
• Amino acids are absorbed, transported to cells and then used to build
proteins
Answer: Protein Digestion
⩥ • Causes protein to change shape or conformation.
• The protein and the amino acids are still intact.
• caused by heat, alkali/acid treatments, or metals.
EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED RESPONSES
GRADED A+
⩥ Digestive enzymes specifically break down food substances.
Examples include:
________ for carbohydrate
________ for protein, and
________ for Lipids/Fat.
Answer: - amylase
- protease
- lipase
⩥ Chemicals produced by cells (typically in an endocrine gland), and are
secreted, then affect the behavior of cells at distal sites in the body.
Answer: hormones
⩥ Examples of hormones in digestion include:
_________ and __________.
Answer: cholecystokinin, secretin.
,⩥ a muscular wave action that occurs throughout the intestinal tract. It is
controlled by the central nervous system and facilitates excretion by
propelling food stuff through the body.
Answer: Peristalsis
⩥ what are the 3 accessory organs
Answer: 1- Liver
2- Gallbladder
3- Pancreas
⩥ - Makes enzymes for the chemical digestion of carbs, proteins, and
fats
- Makes sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid
Answer: pancreas
⩥ • _______ - Makes bile
• _______ - Stores bile
Answer: - liver
- gallbladder
⩥ Nutrients like water & lipid byproducts pass freely across membranes
via a concentration gradient.
Answer: Passive (Simple) Diffusion (Transport)
,⩥ Nutrients like water soluble vitamins diffuse across membranes using
a specific/selective transport proteins
Answer: Facilitated Diffusion (Transport)
⩥ Nutrients like glucose & amino acids move across membranes against
a concentration gradient using a specific/selective transport protein &
energy/ATP.
Answer: Active Transport
⩥ Transportation of Nutrients
• _________: water soluble nutrients
• _________: fat soluble nutrients
Answer: - Blood vessels
- Lymphatic vessels
⩥ Breaking down (things get smaller). Involve hydrolysis reactions. Are
degrading or destructive in nature.
Answer: Catabolic reactions
⩥ Building up (things get bigger). Involve condensation reactions. Are
synthesizing or constructive in nature.
Answer: Anabolic reactions
, ⩥ The balance of catabolic and anabolic reactions in a person so a
relatively stable internal environment or equilibrium is achieved.
Answer: Homeostasis
⩥ Sites of Absorption
• ________ & ________: many nutrients
• ________: only selected nutrients
• ________: water
Answer: - Duodenum, Jejunum
- Ileum
- Colon (large Intestine)
⩥ • protein strand is broken & amino acids are released.
• Occurs by protease enzymes secreted by the pancreas & GI mucosal
cells.
• Amino acids are absorbed, transported to cells and then used to build
proteins
Answer: Protein Digestion
⩥ • Causes protein to change shape or conformation.
• The protein and the amino acids are still intact.
• caused by heat, alkali/acid treatments, or metals.
