NUR 301 FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 – COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & EXAM REVIEW
Normal pH of body - ANS ✔✔7.35-7.45
Normal PaCO2 range - ANS ✔✔35-45
Normal HCO3 range - ANS ✔✔22-26
Abnormal PH values - ANS ✔✔acidic = <7.35
alkaline = >7.45
Abnormal PaCo2 (respiratory) - ANS ✔✔acidic >45
alkaline <35
abnormal HCO3 (metabolic) - ANS ✔✔acidic < 22
alkaline > 26
diabtetic ketoacidosis - ANS ✔✔type 1 complication
no insulin = glucose stuck in blood= body needs energery= breaks down fats- liver converts into keytones
= ACIDS build up
DKA s/s - ANS ✔✔osmotic diuresis, dehydration, polyuria, hyperglycemia
hypotension
DKA treatment - ANS ✔✔replace lost fluid rapidly
when glucose <250 can switch to D5W
replace K
IV insulin
monitor for arrhythmias
Types of Insulin - ANS ✔✔rapid acting (lispro, Aspart)
short acting
intermediate (NPH)
long acting (glargine, lantus, detemir)
rapid acting insulin onset and peak - ANS ✔✔onset - 15-30 min
peak - 10-20
Short acting insulin onset and peak - ANS ✔✔onset - 30-60 min
peak- 2-5 hrs
intermediate acting insulin onset and peak - ANS ✔✔onset - 1-2 hours
peak - 4-12 hours
QUESTIONS & EXAM REVIEW
Normal pH of body - ANS ✔✔7.35-7.45
Normal PaCO2 range - ANS ✔✔35-45
Normal HCO3 range - ANS ✔✔22-26
Abnormal PH values - ANS ✔✔acidic = <7.35
alkaline = >7.45
Abnormal PaCo2 (respiratory) - ANS ✔✔acidic >45
alkaline <35
abnormal HCO3 (metabolic) - ANS ✔✔acidic < 22
alkaline > 26
diabtetic ketoacidosis - ANS ✔✔type 1 complication
no insulin = glucose stuck in blood= body needs energery= breaks down fats- liver converts into keytones
= ACIDS build up
DKA s/s - ANS ✔✔osmotic diuresis, dehydration, polyuria, hyperglycemia
hypotension
DKA treatment - ANS ✔✔replace lost fluid rapidly
when glucose <250 can switch to D5W
replace K
IV insulin
monitor for arrhythmias
Types of Insulin - ANS ✔✔rapid acting (lispro, Aspart)
short acting
intermediate (NPH)
long acting (glargine, lantus, detemir)
rapid acting insulin onset and peak - ANS ✔✔onset - 15-30 min
peak - 10-20
Short acting insulin onset and peak - ANS ✔✔onset - 30-60 min
peak- 2-5 hrs
intermediate acting insulin onset and peak - ANS ✔✔onset - 1-2 hours
peak - 4-12 hours