NUR 301 EXAM 1 2026/2027 – COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & EXAM REVIEW
The only way to know if someone is a CO2 retainer is to know - ✔✔ABGs
Kussmaul's Respirations - ✔✔Deep + rapid, Compensation for metabolic acidosis
Tachypnea - ✔✔Fast and shallow breathing
Hyperventilating - ✔✔Deep and rapid
Pleural effusion - ✔✔fluid in pleura
Pleural friction rub - ✔✔pleural inflamed and rub together
Pursed Lip Breathing - ✔✔technique to keep alveoli open longer
PND or Proximal Nocturnal Dyspnea - ✔✔Nighttime shortness of breath
-comes with late stage heart failure
Hematocrit - ✔✔measures the percentage of total blood volume that is made up by RBC
-42-52% M
-37-47% F
(Usually about 3x the value of Hemoglobin)
Hemoglobin - ✔✔iron containing pigment of the skin
-14-18 M
-12-16 F
Bus ANalogy - ✔✔RBC = Bus
Hgb = Seats
Iron = Material of the seats
Oxygen = passengers
ABGs - ✔✔pH 7.35-7.45
pCO2 35-45
HCO3 (bicarb) 22-29
O2 Stat >95%
Pulse Ox - ✔✔how much hemoglobin is carrying oxygen
Sputum Studies - ✔✔Culture and Sensitivity- Determine if bacteria is present
Cytology- determine if cells are cancerous
AFB- Test for TB
CT Scan - ✔✔-May require sedation for lying still
QUESTIONS & EXAM REVIEW
The only way to know if someone is a CO2 retainer is to know - ✔✔ABGs
Kussmaul's Respirations - ✔✔Deep + rapid, Compensation for metabolic acidosis
Tachypnea - ✔✔Fast and shallow breathing
Hyperventilating - ✔✔Deep and rapid
Pleural effusion - ✔✔fluid in pleura
Pleural friction rub - ✔✔pleural inflamed and rub together
Pursed Lip Breathing - ✔✔technique to keep alveoli open longer
PND or Proximal Nocturnal Dyspnea - ✔✔Nighttime shortness of breath
-comes with late stage heart failure
Hematocrit - ✔✔measures the percentage of total blood volume that is made up by RBC
-42-52% M
-37-47% F
(Usually about 3x the value of Hemoglobin)
Hemoglobin - ✔✔iron containing pigment of the skin
-14-18 M
-12-16 F
Bus ANalogy - ✔✔RBC = Bus
Hgb = Seats
Iron = Material of the seats
Oxygen = passengers
ABGs - ✔✔pH 7.35-7.45
pCO2 35-45
HCO3 (bicarb) 22-29
O2 Stat >95%
Pulse Ox - ✔✔how much hemoglobin is carrying oxygen
Sputum Studies - ✔✔Culture and Sensitivity- Determine if bacteria is present
Cytology- determine if cells are cancerous
AFB- Test for TB
CT Scan - ✔✔-May require sedation for lying still
