HRB EXAM CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
EXAMS SOLVED QUESTIONS STUDY GUIDE
GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ Article II of the Constitution Answer: Section of the Constitution
laying out powers and responsibilities of the Executive Branch
◉ Article III of the Constitution Answer: Section of the Constitution
laying out powers and responsibilities of the Judicial Branch
◉ Article V of the Constitution Answer: Outlines the process for
amending or changing the Constitution
◉ Articles of Confederation Answer: 1st Constitution of the U.S.
1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no
power to regulate trade)
◉ Baker v. Carr (1962) Answer: "One man, one vote." Ordered state
legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population
◉ Before he was President, Eisenhower was a general. What war was
he in? Answer: World War II
,◉ Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Answer: The Supreme Court
overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated
facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools
desegregated.
◉ Brutus No. 1 Answer: This work by a prominent Anti-Federalist
argued that that the new federal government would be too powerful.
In particular, he pointed to the necessary-and-proper clause and the
supremacy clause. In addition, he objected to Congress's power to tax
and raise a standing army and to the vast size of the proposed
republic. He felt this powerful new government would supplant the
states.
◉ Bush v. Gore (2000) Answer: The court ruled that manual recounts
of presidential ballots in the Nov. 2000 election could not proceed
because inconsistent evaluation standards in different counties
violated the equal protection clause. In effect, the ruling meant Bush
would win the election.
◉ Citizens United v. FEC (2010) Answer: A 2010 decision by the
United States Supreme Court holding that independent expenditures
are free speech protected by the 1st Amendment and so cannot be
limited by federal law. Leads to creation of SuperPACs & massive
rise in amount of third party electioneering
◉ Common Sense by Thomas Paine Answer: powerful pamphlet
telling the colonists to break free. British were trying to destroy
colonies' natural rights. Government is there to protect life liberty and
, property. Power came from people, not kings. Colonies don't benefit
from British Empire.
◉ DC v. Heller (2008) Answer: upheld individual's right to bear arms
(2nd amendment)
◉ Declaration of Independence Answer: the document recording the
proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776)
asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain
◉ Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Answer: Court ruled that Scott was
the property of Sanford and, as a slave, was prohibited from suing in
court. Chief Justice Taney gives his opinion that the Missouri
Compromise was unconstitutional. Decision adds to sectionalism
between North and South that will lead to the Civil War.
◉ Due Process Answer: fair treatment through the normal judicial
system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.
◉ During the Cold War, what was the main concern of the United
States? Answer: Communism
◉ Engle v. Vitale (1962) Answer: Prayer in public schools prohibited
by First Amendment (which was made applicable to the states under
the 14th A.)
EXAMS SOLVED QUESTIONS STUDY GUIDE
GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ Article II of the Constitution Answer: Section of the Constitution
laying out powers and responsibilities of the Executive Branch
◉ Article III of the Constitution Answer: Section of the Constitution
laying out powers and responsibilities of the Judicial Branch
◉ Article V of the Constitution Answer: Outlines the process for
amending or changing the Constitution
◉ Articles of Confederation Answer: 1st Constitution of the U.S.
1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no
power to regulate trade)
◉ Baker v. Carr (1962) Answer: "One man, one vote." Ordered state
legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population
◉ Before he was President, Eisenhower was a general. What war was
he in? Answer: World War II
,◉ Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Answer: The Supreme Court
overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated
facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools
desegregated.
◉ Brutus No. 1 Answer: This work by a prominent Anti-Federalist
argued that that the new federal government would be too powerful.
In particular, he pointed to the necessary-and-proper clause and the
supremacy clause. In addition, he objected to Congress's power to tax
and raise a standing army and to the vast size of the proposed
republic. He felt this powerful new government would supplant the
states.
◉ Bush v. Gore (2000) Answer: The court ruled that manual recounts
of presidential ballots in the Nov. 2000 election could not proceed
because inconsistent evaluation standards in different counties
violated the equal protection clause. In effect, the ruling meant Bush
would win the election.
◉ Citizens United v. FEC (2010) Answer: A 2010 decision by the
United States Supreme Court holding that independent expenditures
are free speech protected by the 1st Amendment and so cannot be
limited by federal law. Leads to creation of SuperPACs & massive
rise in amount of third party electioneering
◉ Common Sense by Thomas Paine Answer: powerful pamphlet
telling the colonists to break free. British were trying to destroy
colonies' natural rights. Government is there to protect life liberty and
, property. Power came from people, not kings. Colonies don't benefit
from British Empire.
◉ DC v. Heller (2008) Answer: upheld individual's right to bear arms
(2nd amendment)
◉ Declaration of Independence Answer: the document recording the
proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776)
asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain
◉ Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Answer: Court ruled that Scott was
the property of Sanford and, as a slave, was prohibited from suing in
court. Chief Justice Taney gives his opinion that the Missouri
Compromise was unconstitutional. Decision adds to sectionalism
between North and South that will lead to the Civil War.
◉ Due Process Answer: fair treatment through the normal judicial
system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.
◉ During the Cold War, what was the main concern of the United
States? Answer: Communism
◉ Engle v. Vitale (1962) Answer: Prayer in public schools prohibited
by First Amendment (which was made applicable to the states under
the 14th A.)
