Rasmussen Patho Exam 2 Questions with correct Ans
l l l l l l l
wers 2026/2027 l
1.lAcutelgastritislislbestldescribedlas:
A.lChroniclinflammationloflthelstomachllining
B.lTransientlinflammationloflthelgastriclmucosa
C.lPermanentldamageltolthelintestinallwall
D.lUlcerationloflthelduodenum
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lAcutelgastritislisltransientlinflammationloflthelgastriclmucosa.lItlcanlbelcausedlbyl
circulatoryldisturbancesl(shock),lexposureltolexogenouslirritantsl(NSAIDs,lalcohol,lchemical
s),lorlinfectionsl.
2.lWhichloflthelfollowinglislthelmostlcommonlcauseloflchroniclgastritis?
A.lAlcohollabuse
B.lNSAIDluse
C.lH.lpylorilinfection
D.lAutoimmuneldisease
CorrectlAnswer:lC
Rationale:lChroniclgastritislislmostlyldueltolH.lpylorilinfection.lInlsomelcases,litlcanlbelautoim
mune,lbutlH.lpylorilislthelmostlcommonlcause.lChroniclmucosallinflammatorylchangeslcanlle
adltolatrophylandlintestinallmetaplasial.
3.lAlpatientlwithlrightlupperlquadrantlpainlthatloccurslafterleatinglfattylmealslislMOST
l likelylexperiencing:
A.lGastritis
B.lCholelithiasisl(gallstones)
C.lPancreatitis
D.lDiverticulitis
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lCholelithiasislinvolveslgallstonelformation.lGallstoneslmaylobstructlbilelflowlandl
,causelpainlafterlfattylmeals,lwhichlislalclassiclsymptomloflgallbladderldisease.lPainlmaylradiat
eltolthelrightlshoulderl.
4.lWhichloflthelfollowinglislalknownltriggerlforlGERDlsymptoms?
A.lHigh-fiberlfoods
B.lChocolate,lcaffeine,landlfattylfoods
C.lLeanlproteins
D.lAlkalinelwater
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lCertainlfoodslcanltriggerlGERDlsymptoms,lincludinglchocolate,lcaffeine,lcarbona
tedlbeverages,lcitruslfruit,ltomatoes,lspicylorlfattylfoods,lpeppermint,landlalcohol.lOtherlrisklf
actorslincludelnicotine,lobesity,lpregnancy,landlcertainlmedicationsl.
5.lWhichloflthelfollowingldescribeslthelpathophysiologyloflGERD?
A.lExcessivelstomachlacidlproduction
B.lChymelperiodicallylbacksluplfromlthelstomachlintolthelesophagus
C.lDelayedlgastriclemptyinglonly
D.lIncreasedllowerlesophageallsphincterltone
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lGERDloccurslwhenlchymelperiodicallylbacksluplfromlthelstomachlintolthelesopha
gus,lcausinglheartburnlandltissueldamage.lThelrefluxloflstomachlacidldamageslthelliningloflt
helesophaguslandlcanlleadltolpermanentldamagelandlevenlesophageallcancerloverltimel.
6.lAlpatientlwithlacutelpancreatitislwouldlMOSTllikelylhavelwhichlhistory?
A.lHigh-fiberldiet
B.lAlcohollabuse
C.lRecentlantibioticluse
D.lLow-fatldiet
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lPancreatitislislinflammationloflthelpancreaslthatlcanlbelacutelorlchronic.lThelmostl
commonlcauselislalcohollabuse,lfollowedlbylgallstonesl.
7.lWhatlisltheldifferencelbetweenldiverticulosislandldiverticulitis?
,A.lDiverticulosislislasymptomatic;ldiverticulitislinvolveslinflammationlofltheldiverticula
B.lDiverticulosislinvolveslinflammation;ldiverticulitislislasymptomatic
C.lTheylarelthelsamelcondition
D.lDiverticulosislonlyloccurslinlthelsmalllintestine
CorrectlAnswer:lA
Rationale:lDiverticulosislislasymptomaticldiverticularldisease,lusuallylwithlmultipleldivertic
ulalpresent.lDiverticulitisloccurslwhenldiverticulalhavelbecomelinflamed,lusuallylbecauseloflr
etainedlfecallmatterl.
8.lAlpatientlwithlalsmalllbowellobstructionlwouldlMOSTllikelylpresentlwith:
A.lConstipationlonly
B.lAbdominalldistension,lcolickylpain,lnausea,landlvomiting
C.lDiarrhealonly
D.lPainlesslrectallbleeding
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lBowellobstructionlinvolveslblockageloflintestinallcontents.lManifestationslinclud
elabdominalldistension,labdominallcramping,lcolickylpain,lnausea,lvomiting,lconstipation,ld
iarrhea,lborborygmil(intestinallrushes),landldecreasedlorlabsentlbowellsoundsl.
9.lWhichloflthelfollowinglislalmechanicallcauseloflbowellobstruction?
A.lParalyticlileus
B.lElectrolyteldisturbances
C.lHernias
D.lNeurologiclimpairment
CorrectlAnswer:lC
Rationale:lMechanicallobstructionslarelcausedlbylforeignlbodies,ltumors,ladhesions,lhernia
s,lintussusception,lvolvulus,lstrictures,lCrohn'sldisease,ldiverticulitis,landlfecallimpaction.lFun
ctionallobstructionsl(paralyticlileus)larelcausedlbylneurologiclimpairment,lintra-
abdominallsurgerylcomplications,landlchemical/electrolyteldisturbancesl.
10.lGastroenteritislislbestldefinedlas:
A.lInflammationloflthelstomachlonly
B.lInflammationloflthelstomachlandlintestines
, C.lInflammationloflthelesophagus
D.lInflammationloflthelpancreas
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lGastroenteritislislinflammationloflthelstomachlandlintestines,lusuallylbecauselofla
nlinfectionlorlallergiclreaction.lAcutelgastroenteritislislcommonlylcausedlbyldirectlinfectionls
uchlaslSalmonellalfromlrawlorlundercookedlchickenlorleggsl.
11.lAlclientlisladmittedlwithlprogressiveldysphagia.lWhichlassessmentlfindingldoeslth
elnurselexpectltolfind?
A.lWeightlgain
B.lWeightlloss
C.lConstipation
D.lHypertension
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lProgressiveldysphagial(difficultylswallowing)lleadsltoldecreasedlorallintakelandls
ubsequentlweightlloss.lThislislalclassiclsignloflesophageallpathologyl.
12.lWhichloflthelfollowinglislalcomplicationloflchroniclgastritis?
A.lPepticlulcerldisease
B.lGastriclcancer
C.lBothlAlandlB
D.lNeitherlAlnorlB
CorrectlAnswer:lC
Rationale:lChroniclgastritislcanlleadltolpepticlulcerldiseaseland,linlsomelcases,lgastriclcancer,
especiallylwhenlassociatedlwithlH.lpylorilinfectionlorlautoimmunelgastritisl.
l
13.lAlpatientlwithlgallstoneslobstructinglthelbilelductlwouldlMOSTllikelylexperience:
A.lLeftllowerlquadrantlpain
B.lSeverelrightlupperlquadrantlpain
C.lEpigastriclpainlradiatingltolthelback
D.lSuprapubiclpain
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lBilelductlobstructionlfromlgallstoneslcauseslseverelrightlupperlquadrantlpain,loft
enlradiatingltolthelrightlshoulder.lThislislalclassiclpresentationloflbiliarylcolic/cholecystitisl.
l l l l l l l
wers 2026/2027 l
1.lAcutelgastritislislbestldescribedlas:
A.lChroniclinflammationloflthelstomachllining
B.lTransientlinflammationloflthelgastriclmucosa
C.lPermanentldamageltolthelintestinallwall
D.lUlcerationloflthelduodenum
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lAcutelgastritislisltransientlinflammationloflthelgastriclmucosa.lItlcanlbelcausedlbyl
circulatoryldisturbancesl(shock),lexposureltolexogenouslirritantsl(NSAIDs,lalcohol,lchemical
s),lorlinfectionsl.
2.lWhichloflthelfollowinglislthelmostlcommonlcauseloflchroniclgastritis?
A.lAlcohollabuse
B.lNSAIDluse
C.lH.lpylorilinfection
D.lAutoimmuneldisease
CorrectlAnswer:lC
Rationale:lChroniclgastritislislmostlyldueltolH.lpylorilinfection.lInlsomelcases,litlcanlbelautoim
mune,lbutlH.lpylorilislthelmostlcommonlcause.lChroniclmucosallinflammatorylchangeslcanlle
adltolatrophylandlintestinallmetaplasial.
3.lAlpatientlwithlrightlupperlquadrantlpainlthatloccurslafterleatinglfattylmealslislMOST
l likelylexperiencing:
A.lGastritis
B.lCholelithiasisl(gallstones)
C.lPancreatitis
D.lDiverticulitis
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lCholelithiasislinvolveslgallstonelformation.lGallstoneslmaylobstructlbilelflowlandl
,causelpainlafterlfattylmeals,lwhichlislalclassiclsymptomloflgallbladderldisease.lPainlmaylradiat
eltolthelrightlshoulderl.
4.lWhichloflthelfollowinglislalknownltriggerlforlGERDlsymptoms?
A.lHigh-fiberlfoods
B.lChocolate,lcaffeine,landlfattylfoods
C.lLeanlproteins
D.lAlkalinelwater
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lCertainlfoodslcanltriggerlGERDlsymptoms,lincludinglchocolate,lcaffeine,lcarbona
tedlbeverages,lcitruslfruit,ltomatoes,lspicylorlfattylfoods,lpeppermint,landlalcohol.lOtherlrisklf
actorslincludelnicotine,lobesity,lpregnancy,landlcertainlmedicationsl.
5.lWhichloflthelfollowingldescribeslthelpathophysiologyloflGERD?
A.lExcessivelstomachlacidlproduction
B.lChymelperiodicallylbacksluplfromlthelstomachlintolthelesophagus
C.lDelayedlgastriclemptyinglonly
D.lIncreasedllowerlesophageallsphincterltone
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lGERDloccurslwhenlchymelperiodicallylbacksluplfromlthelstomachlintolthelesopha
gus,lcausinglheartburnlandltissueldamage.lThelrefluxloflstomachlacidldamageslthelliningloflt
helesophaguslandlcanlleadltolpermanentldamagelandlevenlesophageallcancerloverltimel.
6.lAlpatientlwithlacutelpancreatitislwouldlMOSTllikelylhavelwhichlhistory?
A.lHigh-fiberldiet
B.lAlcohollabuse
C.lRecentlantibioticluse
D.lLow-fatldiet
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lPancreatitislislinflammationloflthelpancreaslthatlcanlbelacutelorlchronic.lThelmostl
commonlcauselislalcohollabuse,lfollowedlbylgallstonesl.
7.lWhatlisltheldifferencelbetweenldiverticulosislandldiverticulitis?
,A.lDiverticulosislislasymptomatic;ldiverticulitislinvolveslinflammationlofltheldiverticula
B.lDiverticulosislinvolveslinflammation;ldiverticulitislislasymptomatic
C.lTheylarelthelsamelcondition
D.lDiverticulosislonlyloccurslinlthelsmalllintestine
CorrectlAnswer:lA
Rationale:lDiverticulosislislasymptomaticldiverticularldisease,lusuallylwithlmultipleldivertic
ulalpresent.lDiverticulitisloccurslwhenldiverticulalhavelbecomelinflamed,lusuallylbecauseloflr
etainedlfecallmatterl.
8.lAlpatientlwithlalsmalllbowellobstructionlwouldlMOSTllikelylpresentlwith:
A.lConstipationlonly
B.lAbdominalldistension,lcolickylpain,lnausea,landlvomiting
C.lDiarrhealonly
D.lPainlesslrectallbleeding
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lBowellobstructionlinvolveslblockageloflintestinallcontents.lManifestationslinclud
elabdominalldistension,labdominallcramping,lcolickylpain,lnausea,lvomiting,lconstipation,ld
iarrhea,lborborygmil(intestinallrushes),landldecreasedlorlabsentlbowellsoundsl.
9.lWhichloflthelfollowinglislalmechanicallcauseloflbowellobstruction?
A.lParalyticlileus
B.lElectrolyteldisturbances
C.lHernias
D.lNeurologiclimpairment
CorrectlAnswer:lC
Rationale:lMechanicallobstructionslarelcausedlbylforeignlbodies,ltumors,ladhesions,lhernia
s,lintussusception,lvolvulus,lstrictures,lCrohn'sldisease,ldiverticulitis,landlfecallimpaction.lFun
ctionallobstructionsl(paralyticlileus)larelcausedlbylneurologiclimpairment,lintra-
abdominallsurgerylcomplications,landlchemical/electrolyteldisturbancesl.
10.lGastroenteritislislbestldefinedlas:
A.lInflammationloflthelstomachlonly
B.lInflammationloflthelstomachlandlintestines
, C.lInflammationloflthelesophagus
D.lInflammationloflthelpancreas
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lGastroenteritislislinflammationloflthelstomachlandlintestines,lusuallylbecauselofla
nlinfectionlorlallergiclreaction.lAcutelgastroenteritislislcommonlylcausedlbyldirectlinfectionls
uchlaslSalmonellalfromlrawlorlundercookedlchickenlorleggsl.
11.lAlclientlisladmittedlwithlprogressiveldysphagia.lWhichlassessmentlfindingldoeslth
elnurselexpectltolfind?
A.lWeightlgain
B.lWeightlloss
C.lConstipation
D.lHypertension
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lProgressiveldysphagial(difficultylswallowing)lleadsltoldecreasedlorallintakelandls
ubsequentlweightlloss.lThislislalclassiclsignloflesophageallpathologyl.
12.lWhichloflthelfollowinglislalcomplicationloflchroniclgastritis?
A.lPepticlulcerldisease
B.lGastriclcancer
C.lBothlAlandlB
D.lNeitherlAlnorlB
CorrectlAnswer:lC
Rationale:lChroniclgastritislcanlleadltolpepticlulcerldiseaseland,linlsomelcases,lgastriclcancer,
especiallylwhenlassociatedlwithlH.lpylorilinfectionlorlautoimmunelgastritisl.
l
13.lAlpatientlwithlgallstoneslobstructinglthelbilelductlwouldlMOSTllikelylexperience:
A.lLeftllowerlquadrantlpain
B.lSeverelrightlupperlquadrantlpain
C.lEpigastriclpainlradiatingltolthelback
D.lSuprapubiclpain
CorrectlAnswer:lB
Rationale:lBilelductlobstructionlfromlgallstoneslcauseslseverelrightlupperlquadrantlpain,loft
enlradiatingltolthelrightlshoulder.lThislislalclassiclpresentationloflbiliarylcolic/cholecystitisl.
