USABO CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS
SOLVED QUESTIONS STUDY GUIDE
GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ cuboidal epithelium. Answer: cube shaped epithelial cells that
function in secretion, and are located in various endocrine glands
◉ simple columnar epithelium. Answer: lines intestines, secretes
digestive juices and absorbs nutrients, one cell thick
◉ pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. Answer: forms a
mucous membrane in portions of the respiratory tract; contains cilia
that move the film of mucous
◉ stratified squamous epithelium. Answer: regenerates cells rapidly at
the basal lamina, located in areas of abrasion (anus, vagina, skin,
linings of esophagus)
◉ simple squamous epithelium. Answer: thin and leaky, located at
sites of diffusion (alveoli and blood vessels)
◉ basal lamina. Answer: a mat of extracellular matrix that separates
an organ from epithelial tissue
,◉ lumen. Answer: cavity, external area around organ
◉ loose connective tissue. Answer: connects organs/tissues to
epithelium
◉ cartilage. Answer: connective tissue that is sturdy, but softer and
more flexible than bone
◉ chondroitin sulfate. Answer: a rubbery matrix made of a protein-
carbohydrate complex located in cartilage
◉ chondrocytes. Answer: cells in cartilage that secrete collagen
chondroitin sulfate
◉ fibrous connective tissue. Answer: includes tendons and ligaments,
made of fibers in parallel bundles, which maximize non-elastic
strength
◉ adipose tissue. Answer: tissue that protects, insulates, and cushions
the body, holds fat in adipose cells which contain fat droplets that can
grow and shrink
◉ bone. Answer: mineralized connective tissue; contain a matrix of
bone with which calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions combine to
form a mineral
,◉ osteoblasts. Answer: secretes matrix of collagen in bone
◉ osteons. Answer: repeating units inside bone, contain concentric
layers of mineralized collagen wrapped around blood vessels and
nerves
◉ fibroblasts. Answer: cells of connective tissue that secrete the
protein ingredients
◉ macrophages. Answer: engulf foreign particles and debris through
phagocytosis
◉ collagenous fibers. Answer: made of collagen, nonelastic and do
not tear easily
◉ reticular fibers. Answer: made of collagen, joins connective tissue
to adjacent tissues, continuous with collagenous fibers
◉ elastic fibers. Answer: made of elastin, easily stretched but bounce
back to original shape
◉ sarcomeres. Answer: repeating units in muscles
◉ glial cells or glia. Answer: located in nervous tissue; nourish,
insulate, and replenish neurons
, ◉ regulator. Answer: manages internal conditions to combat changes
caused by external conditions
◉ conformer. Answer: allows internal conditions to conform to
external conditions
◉ normal range (of a variable - homeostasis). Answer: range for
which action is taken to maintain homeostasis
◉ acclimatization. Answer: when an animal changes certain aspects
of its metabolism, behavior, etc. to temporarily conform to changing
external conditions
◉ endothermic (animal). Answer: maintain the temperature inside the
body through their internal metabolism
◉ ectothermic (animal). Answer: gain their heat from external
sources, do not perform internal mechanisms to maintain temperature
◉ poikilotherm. Answer: animal whose body temperature varies with
its environment
◉ homeotherm. Answer: animal whose body temperature does not
vary with its environment
SOLVED QUESTIONS STUDY GUIDE
GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ cuboidal epithelium. Answer: cube shaped epithelial cells that
function in secretion, and are located in various endocrine glands
◉ simple columnar epithelium. Answer: lines intestines, secretes
digestive juices and absorbs nutrients, one cell thick
◉ pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. Answer: forms a
mucous membrane in portions of the respiratory tract; contains cilia
that move the film of mucous
◉ stratified squamous epithelium. Answer: regenerates cells rapidly at
the basal lamina, located in areas of abrasion (anus, vagina, skin,
linings of esophagus)
◉ simple squamous epithelium. Answer: thin and leaky, located at
sites of diffusion (alveoli and blood vessels)
◉ basal lamina. Answer: a mat of extracellular matrix that separates
an organ from epithelial tissue
,◉ lumen. Answer: cavity, external area around organ
◉ loose connective tissue. Answer: connects organs/tissues to
epithelium
◉ cartilage. Answer: connective tissue that is sturdy, but softer and
more flexible than bone
◉ chondroitin sulfate. Answer: a rubbery matrix made of a protein-
carbohydrate complex located in cartilage
◉ chondrocytes. Answer: cells in cartilage that secrete collagen
chondroitin sulfate
◉ fibrous connective tissue. Answer: includes tendons and ligaments,
made of fibers in parallel bundles, which maximize non-elastic
strength
◉ adipose tissue. Answer: tissue that protects, insulates, and cushions
the body, holds fat in adipose cells which contain fat droplets that can
grow and shrink
◉ bone. Answer: mineralized connective tissue; contain a matrix of
bone with which calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions combine to
form a mineral
,◉ osteoblasts. Answer: secretes matrix of collagen in bone
◉ osteons. Answer: repeating units inside bone, contain concentric
layers of mineralized collagen wrapped around blood vessels and
nerves
◉ fibroblasts. Answer: cells of connective tissue that secrete the
protein ingredients
◉ macrophages. Answer: engulf foreign particles and debris through
phagocytosis
◉ collagenous fibers. Answer: made of collagen, nonelastic and do
not tear easily
◉ reticular fibers. Answer: made of collagen, joins connective tissue
to adjacent tissues, continuous with collagenous fibers
◉ elastic fibers. Answer: made of elastin, easily stretched but bounce
back to original shape
◉ sarcomeres. Answer: repeating units in muscles
◉ glial cells or glia. Answer: located in nervous tissue; nourish,
insulate, and replenish neurons
, ◉ regulator. Answer: manages internal conditions to combat changes
caused by external conditions
◉ conformer. Answer: allows internal conditions to conform to
external conditions
◉ normal range (of a variable - homeostasis). Answer: range for
which action is taken to maintain homeostasis
◉ acclimatization. Answer: when an animal changes certain aspects
of its metabolism, behavior, etc. to temporarily conform to changing
external conditions
◉ endothermic (animal). Answer: maintain the temperature inside the
body through their internal metabolism
◉ ectothermic (animal). Answer: gain their heat from external
sources, do not perform internal mechanisms to maintain temperature
◉ poikilotherm. Answer: animal whose body temperature varies with
its environment
◉ homeotherm. Answer: animal whose body temperature does not
vary with its environment
