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Module 1: Investigative Techniques, Fact-Finding, and
Evidence Handling
1. An Associate Fraud Investigator receives an anonymous
tip via the NYC fraud hotline alleging that a public
assistance recipient is hiding a secondary income stream
from an cash-only commercial cleaning business. Which of
the following investigative techniques should the
investigator execute first to gather baseline factual
evidence?
• A. Drive directly to the recipient’s residence at midnight
and demand immediate physical entry to conduct a sweep.
• Correct Answer: B. Conduct a comprehensive
database search using the New York State
Department of Labor (DOL) database, LexisNexis,
and municipal tax logs.
• C. Contact the landlord of the apartment building and
demand a copy of the tenant's lease records without a
subpoena.
,• D. Call the recipient on the phone, state that an active
warrant has been issued, and demand an immediate
verbal confession.
• Rationale: The first step in any fraud investigation is to
gather baseline objective facts through public records and
administrative database queries before proceeding to
intrusive field methods or direct interviews.
2. During an operational field surveillance review of a City
contractor suspected of inflating billable hours, an
investigator recovers a discarded notebook containing
handwritten payroll records from a public trash receptacle
on a city sidewalk. How must this physical item be
handled to establish a legally defensible chain of custody?
• Correct Answer: A. Document the precise
collection time and location, place the item in a
tamper-evident evidence bag, log it into the agency
tracking portal, and record every single handler
chronologically.
• B. Place the notebook in an unsealed desk drawer at the
office until the formal trial date is scheduled.
• C. Take a quick digital photograph of the cover and leave
the physical notebook inside the trash bin to avoid
detection.
• D. Label the notebook using standard masking tape and
drop it into the generic facility mail bin for processing.
• Rationale: A secure, documented chain of custody is
required to prove that physical evidence presented in a
formal administrative or judicial proceeding is identical
to the item seized at the scene and has not been subjected
to tampering.
,3. An Associate Fraud Investigator is preparing to conduct a
dynamic field neighborhood canvass to identify witnesses
regarding an alleged employee residency fraud case.
Which interviewing standard must the investigator follow
to ensure maximum information density?
• A. Ask only rigid, closed-ended questions that can be
answered with a simple "yes" or "no."
• Correct Answer: B. Utilize open-ended, non-
leading questions that encourage the subject to
provide a detailed chronological narrative.
• C. Tell the witness exactly what other subjects have stated
to see if they will agree with the narrative.
• D. Threaten the witness with administrative city fines if
they fail to provide immediate actionable data.
• Rationale: Open-ended questions allow a witness to
provide unsolicited details, timelines, and facts in their
own words, minimizing interviewer bias and capturing
unexpected investigative leads.
4. While executing an administrative review of a vendor's
corporate invoice profiles, the investigator notices that five
distinct checks were issued to different shell companies,
all matching the exact same dollar amount and routing
code within a 48-hour window. What specific financial
fraud indicator does this match?
• A. Standard seasonal budget variance adjustments.
• B. Legitimate operational vendor volume discounts.
• Correct Answer: C. Duplicate invoicing and
potential shell company asset diversion.
• D. Routine municipal micro-purchase processing
pathways.
, • Rationale: Multiple identical payouts sent to varying
corporate entities using identical banking nodes within a
short timeframe are classic indicators of fraudulent
invoicing or embezzlement schemes.
5. An investigator needs to verify if an HRA public assistance
applicant is residing at a declared NYC address. Which
combination of physical field documentation checks
provides the highest degree of verification accuracy?
• A. A personal note from a family member and a gym
membership card printout.
• Correct Answer: B. A verified copy of a certified
lease, continuous utility bills covering three
billing cycles, and a physical postal verification
letter.
• C. A temporary library card and a verbal statement from a
neighbor down the street.
• D. A printout of a social media check-in profile from a
local retail business.
• Rationale: Formal legal agreements (leases) combined
with continuous utility bill trails and physical mail
verifications serve as objective, reliable indicators of true
residency under NYC administrative guidelines.
6. During a formal target interview, a subject suddenly
becomes highly uncooperative and states they will no
longer answer questions without a legal representative
present. What is the investigator's required action?
• A. Lock the interview room door and continue questioning
using an aggressive, loud tone of voice.
• Correct Answer: B. Halt the interview
immediately, document the subject's request, and