portage pathophysiology module 8 quiz (practice problems)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jtmvvd
1. Describe the location of the The hilus is a concave cleft, and it is at this point where the
hilus and its significance. ureters, blood vessels, and nerves enter the kidney.
2. Describe the functions of the 1. control the concentration of water and soluble materials by
nephron. filtering the blood
2. reabsorbing needed materials and excreting waste prod-
ucts as urine
3. regulate blood pressure and blood volume
4. regulate pH and electrolytes
3. Name the structures of the Afferent arteriole: brings blood to glomerulus
nephron and describe their in- glomerulus: capillary bed, capillaries contain pores that allow
dividual functions. water, glucose, amino acids, and nitrogenous wastes to flow
into Bowman's capsule, but keeps RBCs and proteins in the
capillaries.
Bowman's capsule: hold filtrate, which gets directed to proxi-
mal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule: reabsorbs Na, Cl, HCO3, K, H2O,
glucose, amino acids. secretes H+, organic acids and bases.
Descending loop of Henle: reabsorbs water
Ascending loop of Henle: reabsorb Na, Cl, K, Ca, HCO3-, Mg.
secretes H+
distal convoluted tubule: reabsorbs Na, Cl, Ca, Mg, K, HCO3-,
water (via ADH action)
vasa recta: peritubular capillary bed along loop of Henle
collecting duct: receives filtrate from distal convoluted tubule,
filtrate flows towards renal pelvis, to ureters to be excreted.
4. Compare and contrast the re- Renal cortex: More superficial portion of kidney, lies just below
nal cortex and renal medulla. renal membrane, contains the glomerulus and Bowman's cap-
Discuss the structures found in sule, proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule
each. portion of nephrons.
1/9
, portage pathophysiology module 8 quiz (practice problems)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jtmvvd
Renal medulla: deeper portion of kidney, beneath the renal
cortex. Contains loop of Henle portions of nephrons and col-
lecting ducts. Renal pyramids make up the renal medulla.
5. Explain the difference between Cortical nephrons make up 85% of all nephrons. They originate
cortical nephrons and jux- superficially in the cortex and have shorter loops of Henle that
tamedullary nephrons. extend only a short distance into the medulla. Juxtamedullary
nephrons make up the remaining 15% of all nephrons. They
originate deeper in the cortex, and their loops of Henle are
thinner and extend into the medulla entirely.
6. Explain the differences in the The glomerulus receives blood from the afferent and efferent
two systems providing the arterioles, creating a high-pressure system in the Bowman's
blood supply to the nephron. capsule. The capillaries in the glomerulus are porous and allow
How does their structure de- solutes and fluid to flow out easily.
termine their role? The peritubular capillaries are low-pressure, from efferent ar-
terioles creating the vasa recta surrounding the loop of Henle.
The high amount of contact the vasa recta makes with the
loop of Henle allows for rapid solute and fluid transfer. (better
suited for reabsorption)
7. Name two specialized struc- fenestrations: pores that allow solutes and fluid to pass
tures of the glomerular capil- through
laries that contribute to the fil- podocytes: form slit pores that allow filtrate to pass through
tration of blood.
8. List the 4 segments of the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted
nephron tubule. tubule, collecting tubule
9. What are the 3 processes in- 1. glomerular filtration: occurs in the glomerulus
volved in urine formation? De- 2. tubular reabsorption: occurs in proximal convoluted tubule,
scribe where they occur. loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule
2/9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jtmvvd
1. Describe the location of the The hilus is a concave cleft, and it is at this point where the
hilus and its significance. ureters, blood vessels, and nerves enter the kidney.
2. Describe the functions of the 1. control the concentration of water and soluble materials by
nephron. filtering the blood
2. reabsorbing needed materials and excreting waste prod-
ucts as urine
3. regulate blood pressure and blood volume
4. regulate pH and electrolytes
3. Name the structures of the Afferent arteriole: brings blood to glomerulus
nephron and describe their in- glomerulus: capillary bed, capillaries contain pores that allow
dividual functions. water, glucose, amino acids, and nitrogenous wastes to flow
into Bowman's capsule, but keeps RBCs and proteins in the
capillaries.
Bowman's capsule: hold filtrate, which gets directed to proxi-
mal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule: reabsorbs Na, Cl, HCO3, K, H2O,
glucose, amino acids. secretes H+, organic acids and bases.
Descending loop of Henle: reabsorbs water
Ascending loop of Henle: reabsorb Na, Cl, K, Ca, HCO3-, Mg.
secretes H+
distal convoluted tubule: reabsorbs Na, Cl, Ca, Mg, K, HCO3-,
water (via ADH action)
vasa recta: peritubular capillary bed along loop of Henle
collecting duct: receives filtrate from distal convoluted tubule,
filtrate flows towards renal pelvis, to ureters to be excreted.
4. Compare and contrast the re- Renal cortex: More superficial portion of kidney, lies just below
nal cortex and renal medulla. renal membrane, contains the glomerulus and Bowman's cap-
Discuss the structures found in sule, proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule
each. portion of nephrons.
1/9
, portage pathophysiology module 8 quiz (practice problems)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jtmvvd
Renal medulla: deeper portion of kidney, beneath the renal
cortex. Contains loop of Henle portions of nephrons and col-
lecting ducts. Renal pyramids make up the renal medulla.
5. Explain the difference between Cortical nephrons make up 85% of all nephrons. They originate
cortical nephrons and jux- superficially in the cortex and have shorter loops of Henle that
tamedullary nephrons. extend only a short distance into the medulla. Juxtamedullary
nephrons make up the remaining 15% of all nephrons. They
originate deeper in the cortex, and their loops of Henle are
thinner and extend into the medulla entirely.
6. Explain the differences in the The glomerulus receives blood from the afferent and efferent
two systems providing the arterioles, creating a high-pressure system in the Bowman's
blood supply to the nephron. capsule. The capillaries in the glomerulus are porous and allow
How does their structure de- solutes and fluid to flow out easily.
termine their role? The peritubular capillaries are low-pressure, from efferent ar-
terioles creating the vasa recta surrounding the loop of Henle.
The high amount of contact the vasa recta makes with the
loop of Henle allows for rapid solute and fluid transfer. (better
suited for reabsorption)
7. Name two specialized struc- fenestrations: pores that allow solutes and fluid to pass
tures of the glomerular capil- through
laries that contribute to the fil- podocytes: form slit pores that allow filtrate to pass through
tration of blood.
8. List the 4 segments of the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted
nephron tubule. tubule, collecting tubule
9. What are the 3 processes in- 1. glomerular filtration: occurs in the glomerulus
volved in urine formation? De- 2. tubular reabsorption: occurs in proximal convoluted tubule,
scribe where they occur. loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule
2/9
