, Rubin'sPathology:ClinicopathologicFoundationsofMedicine
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Testbank/Studyguide ll
Chapter 1:Cell Adaptation, Injuryand Death
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Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase theaccumulation ofintracellular calciumas aresult of:
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1.
A) release ofstored calcium from the mitochondria.
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B) improved intracellular volumeregulation. ll ll l
C) decreased influx across the cellmembrane. ll l ll ll l
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. ll ll ll ll ll
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
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2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to _
ll ll oftheremaininglivercells.
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A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy ll
C) compensatoryhyperplasia l
D) physiologic hypertrophy ll
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
3. hypoxiafcaused a cerebral infarction and resulting _ in the brain.
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
A) caspase activation ll
B) coagulation necrosis l
C) rapid phagocytosis ll
D) protein p53 deficiency ll ll
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
ll ll ll ll ll ll , which is unique from the intracellular
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4. damage caused by other injurious agents.
ll ll ll ll ll ll
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump l ll ll l
B) interrupting oxidative metabolismprocesses ll ll l
C) replicating and producing continued injury ll l ll ll
D) decreasing proteinsynthesis and function ll l ll ll
Thepatient has aprolonged interruption inarterialblood flow tohis left kidney, causing hypoxic
l ll ll l ll ll l l ll l l ll ll ll ll
5. cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. ll ll l l l
B) altering the immune response of the cell. l ll ll ll ll ll
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. ll ll ll ll l
D) inactivation ofenzymes and mitochondria. ll l ll l
,6. Injured cells have impaired flow ofsubstances throughthe cell membrane as a result of:
ll ll ll ll ll l ll l l ll ll ll l ll
A) increased fat load. ll ll
B) altered permeability. ll
C) altered glucose utilization. l l
D) increased surface receptors. l l
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
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A) stimulus overload. ll
B) genetic mutations. ll
C) chemical messengers. l
D) mitochondrial DNA. ll
8. Injured cells become veryswollen as a result of:
ll ll ll l ll ll l ll
A) increased cell proteinsynthesis. ll ll l
B) altered cell volumeregulation. l ll l
C) passive entry ofpotassium into the cell. ll ll l ll ll l
D) bleb formation in theplasma membrane.
ll ll ll l ll
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on a
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic cell
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
9. death is characterized by:
ll ll ll ll
A) rapid apoptosis. ll
B) cellular rupture. l
C) shrinkageand collapse. l ll
D) chronic inflammation. ll
A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group
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10. of theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
A) changes withgenetic influences. ll l ll
B) elimination ofcell receptor sites. ll l l ll
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. l l
D) DNAmutation or faultyrepair. l ll ll l
An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function that
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
11. underlies her reduced mobility?
ll ll ll ll
A) Impaired muscle cellmetabolism resulting from metaplasia ll ll l l ll l
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammationduring bone remodeling ll ll l ll ll l ll l
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
l ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll
, D) Ischemic atrophyresulting from vascular changes while onbedrest ll l ll ll ll ll ll l
A20-year-old collegestudent has presented to her campus medicalclinic for ascheduled
l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll l
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
12. samples for evidence of:
ll ll ll ll
A) changes incellshape, size, and organization. ll l l l ll ll
B) the presence ofunexpected cell types.
l ll l ll ll
C) ischemic changes incell samples. l ll l ll
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in aspecified field. ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll
Whichofthe followingpathophysiologic processes is most likely toresult in metastatic calcification?
l l ll l l ll ll ll l l ll ll ll
13.
A) Benignprostatic hyperplasia l ll
B) Liver cirrhosis l
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism l l
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
14. rationale for the technicians precautions?
ll ll ll ll ll
A) Radiationstimulates pathologic cell hypertrophyand hyperplasia. l ll l l l ll
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products inthe cytoplasm. l ll ll l ll ll ll l ll l l
C) Radiation interferes withDNAsynthesis and mitosis. ll ll l l ll ll
D) Radiation decreases the actionpotential ofrapidly dividing cells. ll ll ll l ll l ll ll
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have beendetermined tobe made of lead.
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll l l ll ll
15. Which of the following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
A) White blood cell levels withdifferential l ll ll ll l
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
l ll ll ll ll
C) Ureaand creatinine levels l ll ll
D) Liver function panel ll l
A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
hemorrhagic stroke that has left himwith numerous motor and sensorydeficits. These deficits are
ll l l ll ll ll l ll ll ll l l ll l ll
16. most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
A) Free radical injury ll ll
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion ll l ll
C) Interference withDNA synthesis ll l l
D) Impaired calcium homeostasis ll ll
l l l l l
Testbank/Studyguide ll
Chapter 1:Cell Adaptation, Injuryand Death
ll l ll ll l ll
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase theaccumulation ofintracellular calciumas aresult of:
l ll ll ll ll ll l l l l l ll l ll
1.
A) release ofstored calcium from the mitochondria.
ll l ll ll l ll
B) improved intracellular volumeregulation. ll ll l
C) decreased influx across the cellmembrane. ll l ll ll l
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. ll ll ll ll ll
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to _
ll ll oftheremaininglivercells.
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l l l l
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy ll
C) compensatoryhyperplasia l
D) physiologic hypertrophy ll
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
3. hypoxiafcaused a cerebral infarction and resulting _ in the brain.
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
A) caspase activation ll
B) coagulation necrosis l
C) rapid phagocytosis ll
D) protein p53 deficiency ll ll
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
ll ll ll ll ll ll , which is unique from the intracellular
ll ll ll l ll ll
4. damage caused by other injurious agents.
ll ll ll ll ll ll
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump l ll ll l
B) interrupting oxidative metabolismprocesses ll ll l
C) replicating and producing continued injury ll l ll ll
D) decreasing proteinsynthesis and function ll l ll ll
Thepatient has aprolonged interruption inarterialblood flow tohis left kidney, causing hypoxic
l ll ll l ll ll l l ll l l ll ll ll ll
5. cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. ll ll l l l
B) altering the immune response of the cell. l ll ll ll ll ll
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. ll ll ll ll l
D) inactivation ofenzymes and mitochondria. ll l ll l
,6. Injured cells have impaired flow ofsubstances throughthe cell membrane as a result of:
ll ll ll ll ll l ll l l ll ll ll l ll
A) increased fat load. ll ll
B) altered permeability. ll
C) altered glucose utilization. l l
D) increased surface receptors. l l
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
ll ll l ll ll ll
A) stimulus overload. ll
B) genetic mutations. ll
C) chemical messengers. l
D) mitochondrial DNA. ll
8. Injured cells become veryswollen as a result of:
ll ll ll l ll ll l ll
A) increased cell proteinsynthesis. ll ll l
B) altered cell volumeregulation. l ll l
C) passive entry ofpotassium into the cell. ll ll l ll ll l
D) bleb formation in theplasma membrane.
ll ll ll l ll
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on a
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic cell
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
9. death is characterized by:
ll ll ll ll
A) rapid apoptosis. ll
B) cellular rupture. l
C) shrinkageand collapse. l ll
D) chronic inflammation. ll
A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
10. of theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
A) changes withgenetic influences. ll l ll
B) elimination ofcell receptor sites. ll l l ll
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. l l
D) DNAmutation or faultyrepair. l ll ll l
An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function that
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
11. underlies her reduced mobility?
ll ll ll ll
A) Impaired muscle cellmetabolism resulting from metaplasia ll ll l l ll l
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammationduring bone remodeling ll ll l ll ll l ll l
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
l ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll ll
, D) Ischemic atrophyresulting from vascular changes while onbedrest ll l ll ll ll ll ll l
A20-year-old collegestudent has presented to her campus medicalclinic for ascheduled
l l l ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll ll l
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
12. samples for evidence of:
ll ll ll ll
A) changes incellshape, size, and organization. ll l l l ll ll
B) the presence ofunexpected cell types.
l ll l ll ll
C) ischemic changes incell samples. l ll l ll
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in aspecified field. ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll
Whichofthe followingpathophysiologic processes is most likely toresult in metastatic calcification?
l l ll l l ll ll ll l l ll ll ll
13.
A) Benignprostatic hyperplasia l ll
B) Liver cirrhosis l
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism l l
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
14. rationale for the technicians precautions?
ll ll ll ll ll
A) Radiationstimulates pathologic cell hypertrophyand hyperplasia. l ll l l l ll
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products inthe cytoplasm. l ll ll l ll ll ll l ll l l
C) Radiation interferes withDNAsynthesis and mitosis. ll ll l l ll ll
D) Radiation decreases the actionpotential ofrapidly dividing cells. ll ll ll l ll l ll ll
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have beendetermined tobe made of lead.
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l ll l l ll ll
15. Which of the following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
A) White blood cell levels withdifferential l ll ll ll l
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
l ll ll ll ll
C) Ureaand creatinine levels l ll ll
D) Liver function panel ll l
A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
hemorrhagic stroke that has left himwith numerous motor and sensorydeficits. These deficits are
ll l l ll ll ll l ll ll ll l l ll l ll
16. most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll
A) Free radical injury ll ll
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion ll l ll
C) Interference withDNA synthesis ll l l
D) Impaired calcium homeostasis ll ll
