CARN AP UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS FULL
SOLUTION GRADED A+
◉ nature-nurture issue. Answer: the long-standing controversy over
the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the
development of psychological traits and behaviors
◉ natural selection. Answer: the principle that, among the range of
inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and
survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
◉ neuroscience. Answer: the perspective of psychological science
that deals with how the body and brain create emotions, memories,
and sensory experiences
◉ evolutionary. Answer: the perspective of psychological science that
deals with how nature selects traits that promote the perpetuation of
one's genes
◉ behavior genetics. Answer: the perspective of psychological
science that deals with how much our genes, and our environment,
influence our individual differences
,◉ psychodynamic. Answer: the perspective of psychological science
that deals with how behavior springs from unconscious drives and
conflicts
◉ behavioral. Answer: the perspective of psychological science that
deals with how we learn observable responses
◉ cognitive. Answer: the perspective of psychological science that
deals with how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
◉ social-cultural. Answer: the perspective of psychological science
that deals with how behavior and thinking vary across situations and
cultures
◉ basic research. Answer: pure science that aims to increase the
scientific knowledge base
◉ applied research. Answer: scientific study that aims to solve
practical problems
◉ clinical psychology. Answer: a branch of psychology that studies,
assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
◉ psychiatry. Answer: a branch of medicine dealing with
psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who sometimes
provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as
psychological therapy
,◉ hindsight bias (I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon). Answer: the
tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have
foreseen it
◉ critical thinking. Answer: thinking that does not blindly accept
arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns
hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
◉ theory. Answer: an explanation using an integrated set of principles
that organizes and predicts observations
◉ hypothesis. Answer: a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
◉ operational definition. Answer: a statement of the procedures
(operations) used to define research variables. For example,
intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test
measures
◉ replication. Answer: repeating the essence of a research study,
usually with different participants in different situations, to see
whether the basic finding generalizes to other participants and
circumstances
◉ case study. Answer: an observation technique in which one person
is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
, ◉ survey. Answer: a technique for ascertaining the self-reported
attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a
representative, random sample of them
◉ false consensus effect. Answer: the tendency to overestimate the
extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
◉ population. Answer: all the cases in a group, from which samples
may be drawn for a study
◉ random sample. Answer: a sample that fairly represents a
population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
◉ naturalistic observation. Answer: observing and recording behavior
in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and
control the situation
◉ correlation coefficient. Answer: a statistical measure of the extent
to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor
predicts the other
◉ scatterplot. Answer: a graphed cluster of dots, each of which
represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points
suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
The amount of scatter suggests the strength of correlation (little
scatter indicates high correlation).
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS FULL
SOLUTION GRADED A+
◉ nature-nurture issue. Answer: the long-standing controversy over
the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the
development of psychological traits and behaviors
◉ natural selection. Answer: the principle that, among the range of
inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and
survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
◉ neuroscience. Answer: the perspective of psychological science
that deals with how the body and brain create emotions, memories,
and sensory experiences
◉ evolutionary. Answer: the perspective of psychological science that
deals with how nature selects traits that promote the perpetuation of
one's genes
◉ behavior genetics. Answer: the perspective of psychological
science that deals with how much our genes, and our environment,
influence our individual differences
,◉ psychodynamic. Answer: the perspective of psychological science
that deals with how behavior springs from unconscious drives and
conflicts
◉ behavioral. Answer: the perspective of psychological science that
deals with how we learn observable responses
◉ cognitive. Answer: the perspective of psychological science that
deals with how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
◉ social-cultural. Answer: the perspective of psychological science
that deals with how behavior and thinking vary across situations and
cultures
◉ basic research. Answer: pure science that aims to increase the
scientific knowledge base
◉ applied research. Answer: scientific study that aims to solve
practical problems
◉ clinical psychology. Answer: a branch of psychology that studies,
assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
◉ psychiatry. Answer: a branch of medicine dealing with
psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who sometimes
provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as
psychological therapy
,◉ hindsight bias (I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon). Answer: the
tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have
foreseen it
◉ critical thinking. Answer: thinking that does not blindly accept
arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns
hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
◉ theory. Answer: an explanation using an integrated set of principles
that organizes and predicts observations
◉ hypothesis. Answer: a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
◉ operational definition. Answer: a statement of the procedures
(operations) used to define research variables. For example,
intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test
measures
◉ replication. Answer: repeating the essence of a research study,
usually with different participants in different situations, to see
whether the basic finding generalizes to other participants and
circumstances
◉ case study. Answer: an observation technique in which one person
is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
, ◉ survey. Answer: a technique for ascertaining the self-reported
attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a
representative, random sample of them
◉ false consensus effect. Answer: the tendency to overestimate the
extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
◉ population. Answer: all the cases in a group, from which samples
may be drawn for a study
◉ random sample. Answer: a sample that fairly represents a
population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
◉ naturalistic observation. Answer: observing and recording behavior
in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and
control the situation
◉ correlation coefficient. Answer: a statistical measure of the extent
to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor
predicts the other
◉ scatterplot. Answer: a graphed cluster of dots, each of which
represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points
suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
The amount of scatter suggests the strength of correlation (little
scatter indicates high correlation).
