ATI Pediatrics: Endocrine and Renal Nursing Practice Exam 2026
|Questions |Answers |Rationales
1. A nurse is teaching the parent of a child with growth hormone deficiency
about subcutaneous injections. Which statement by the parent indicates an
understanding of the treatment timing?
A. I should give the injection right before my child goes to bed.
B. The injection should be administered first thing in the morning.
C. It is best to give the injection 30 minutes before lunch.
D. I will give the injection only on days when my child is active.
Answer: A
Rationale: Growth hormone is most effective when administered at bedtime because this
mimics the natural peak of GH secretion that occurs during early sleep.
2. A child is diagnosed with Diabetes Insipidus (DI). Which clinical manifestation
should the nurse expect to observe?
A. Fluid retention and weight gain
B. Polyuria and polydipsia
C. Concentrated urine with high specific gravity
D. Hyponatremia and lethargy
Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of ADH, leading to massive
output of dilute urine (polyuria) and extreme thirst (polydipsia).
,3. A nurse is caring for a child with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus who is diaphoretic
and shaky. What should be the nurse’s first action?
A. Give a dose of regular insulin.
B. Administer 15 grams of rapid-acting carbohydrates.
C. Call the provider immediately.
D. Provide a high-protein snack like peanut butter.
Answer: B
Rationale: Diaphoresis and shakiness are signs of hypoglycemia. The immediate priority is
the ‘15/15’ rule: give 15g of simple carbs and recheck in 15 minutes.
4. Which lab finding is most consistent with a diagnosis of Nephrotic Syndrome?
A. Massive proteinuria
B. Gross hematuria
C. Hypolipidemia
D. Low urine specific gravity
Answer: A
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema.
5. A child has Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN). Which
assessment finding is the priority for the nurse to report?
A. Tea-colored urine
B. Periorbital edema
C. Blood pressure of 140/94 mmHg
D. Decreased appetite
Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertension is a serious complication of APSGN and can lead to
encephalopathy. It must be monitored and reported immediately.
, 6. What is the primary goal of treatment for a child with Congenital
Hypothyroidism?
A. Preventing thyroid storm
B. Reducing the size of a goiter
C. Maintaining normal growth and preventing intellectual disability
D. Increasing metabolic rate to promote weight loss
Answer: C
Rationale: Early treatment with levothyroxine is crucial in congenital hypothyroidism to
ensure normal brain development and physical growth.
7. A nurse is teaching a group of parents about preventing Urinary Tract
Infections (UTIs). Which instruction should be included?
A. Avoid bubble baths.
B. Encourage the child to hold urine as long as possible.
C. Wipe from back to front after a bowel movement.
D. Wear nylon underwear instead of cotton.
Answer: A
Rationale: Bubble baths can irritate the urethra and increase the risk of infection. Parents
should also be taught to wipe front to back and use cotton underwear.
8. A child with Type 1 Diabetes is planning to play soccer. What advice should
the nurse provide?
A. Take extra insulin before the game.
B. Exercise only when blood glucose is above 300 mg/dL.
C. Avoid drinking water during the game.
D. Eat a snack with complex carbs and protein before exercise.
Answer: D
Rationale: Exercise lowers blood glucose levels. A snack should be consumed before
vigorous activity to prevent hypoglycemia.
|Questions |Answers |Rationales
1. A nurse is teaching the parent of a child with growth hormone deficiency
about subcutaneous injections. Which statement by the parent indicates an
understanding of the treatment timing?
A. I should give the injection right before my child goes to bed.
B. The injection should be administered first thing in the morning.
C. It is best to give the injection 30 minutes before lunch.
D. I will give the injection only on days when my child is active.
Answer: A
Rationale: Growth hormone is most effective when administered at bedtime because this
mimics the natural peak of GH secretion that occurs during early sleep.
2. A child is diagnosed with Diabetes Insipidus (DI). Which clinical manifestation
should the nurse expect to observe?
A. Fluid retention and weight gain
B. Polyuria and polydipsia
C. Concentrated urine with high specific gravity
D. Hyponatremia and lethargy
Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of ADH, leading to massive
output of dilute urine (polyuria) and extreme thirst (polydipsia).
,3. A nurse is caring for a child with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus who is diaphoretic
and shaky. What should be the nurse’s first action?
A. Give a dose of regular insulin.
B. Administer 15 grams of rapid-acting carbohydrates.
C. Call the provider immediately.
D. Provide a high-protein snack like peanut butter.
Answer: B
Rationale: Diaphoresis and shakiness are signs of hypoglycemia. The immediate priority is
the ‘15/15’ rule: give 15g of simple carbs and recheck in 15 minutes.
4. Which lab finding is most consistent with a diagnosis of Nephrotic Syndrome?
A. Massive proteinuria
B. Gross hematuria
C. Hypolipidemia
D. Low urine specific gravity
Answer: A
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema.
5. A child has Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN). Which
assessment finding is the priority for the nurse to report?
A. Tea-colored urine
B. Periorbital edema
C. Blood pressure of 140/94 mmHg
D. Decreased appetite
Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertension is a serious complication of APSGN and can lead to
encephalopathy. It must be monitored and reported immediately.
, 6. What is the primary goal of treatment for a child with Congenital
Hypothyroidism?
A. Preventing thyroid storm
B. Reducing the size of a goiter
C. Maintaining normal growth and preventing intellectual disability
D. Increasing metabolic rate to promote weight loss
Answer: C
Rationale: Early treatment with levothyroxine is crucial in congenital hypothyroidism to
ensure normal brain development and physical growth.
7. A nurse is teaching a group of parents about preventing Urinary Tract
Infections (UTIs). Which instruction should be included?
A. Avoid bubble baths.
B. Encourage the child to hold urine as long as possible.
C. Wipe from back to front after a bowel movement.
D. Wear nylon underwear instead of cotton.
Answer: A
Rationale: Bubble baths can irritate the urethra and increase the risk of infection. Parents
should also be taught to wipe front to back and use cotton underwear.
8. A child with Type 1 Diabetes is planning to play soccer. What advice should
the nurse provide?
A. Take extra insulin before the game.
B. Exercise only when blood glucose is above 300 mg/dL.
C. Avoid drinking water during the game.
D. Eat a snack with complex carbs and protein before exercise.
Answer: D
Rationale: Exercise lowers blood glucose levels. A snack should be consumed before
vigorous activity to prevent hypoglycemia.
