ATI Pediatrics Final Exam Practice 2026/2027 |Questions |Answers
|Rationales
1. A nurse is caring for an infant who has developmental dysplasia of the hip.
Which of the following is an expected finding?
A. Symmetrical gluteal folds
B. Negative Ortolani test
C. Asymmetric gluteal folds
D. Trendelenburg sign
Answer: C
Rationale: Asymmetric gluteal folds are a common assessment finding in infants with
developmental dysplasia of the hip. Symmetrical folds are normal, while the Trendelenburg
sign is seen in weight-bearing older children.
2. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parent of a 2-month-old infant
regarding immunizations. Which of the following vaccines should the infant
receive?
A. MMR
B. Varicella
C. DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV, HepB
D. Hepatitis A
Answer: C
Rationale: At 2 months, infants typically receive the DTaP, Haemophilus influenzae type b
(Hib), inactivated poliovirus (IPV), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), and their
second dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine.
,3. A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child following a tonsillectomy. Which of the
following findings is a priority to report?
A. Presence of dark brown blood in emesis
B. Pain level of 4 on a FACES scale
C. Frequent swallowing
D. Hoarseness
Answer: C
Rationale: Frequent swallowing is a sign of post-operative bleeding in a child who has had
a tonsillectomy and should be reported immediately.
4. A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has cystic fibrosis. Which of the
following dietary recommendations should the nurse provide?
A. Low-protein diet
B. Low-calorie diet
C. Restricted fluid intake
D. High-protein, high-calorie diet
Answer: D
Rationale: Children with cystic fibrosis require a diet high in protein and calories to meet
their increased metabolic needs and combat malabsorption issues.
5. A nurse is assessing a 12-month-old child. Which of the following findings
should the nurse report to the provider?
A. The child has not doubled their birth weight.
B. The child cannot walk alone.
C. The child can sit without support.
D. The child uses a pincer grasp.
Answer: A
Rationale: By 12 months, an infant should have tripled their birth weight. Doubling birth
weight occurs by age 5 to 6 months.
, 6. A nurse is caring for a child who has sickle cell anemia and is experiencing a
vaso-occlusive crisis. Which of the following is the priority intervention?
A. Promote hydration
B. Administer oxygen
C. Administer antibiotics
D. Apply cold compresses to joints
Answer: A
Rationale: Hydration is the priority because it helps reduce the viscosity of the blood and
prevents further sickling. Oxygen is only indicated if hypoxia is present.
7. A nurse is teaching the parents of a toddler about safety. Which of the
following instructions should the nurse include?
A. Turn pot handles toward the back of the stove.
B. Set the water heater to 130 degrees Fahrenheit.
C. Keep the toddler in a forward-facing car seat until age 3.
D. Place the toddler in a walker for mobility.
Answer: A
Rationale: Turning pot handles toward the back of the stove prevents the toddler from
reaching and pulling down hot contents. Water heaters should be set to 120 degrees
Fahrenheit or less.
8. A nurse is assessing a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the
following findings is expected?
A. Hypotension
B. Increased urine output
C. Periorbital edema
D. Weight loss
Answer: C
|Rationales
1. A nurse is caring for an infant who has developmental dysplasia of the hip.
Which of the following is an expected finding?
A. Symmetrical gluteal folds
B. Negative Ortolani test
C. Asymmetric gluteal folds
D. Trendelenburg sign
Answer: C
Rationale: Asymmetric gluteal folds are a common assessment finding in infants with
developmental dysplasia of the hip. Symmetrical folds are normal, while the Trendelenburg
sign is seen in weight-bearing older children.
2. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parent of a 2-month-old infant
regarding immunizations. Which of the following vaccines should the infant
receive?
A. MMR
B. Varicella
C. DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV, HepB
D. Hepatitis A
Answer: C
Rationale: At 2 months, infants typically receive the DTaP, Haemophilus influenzae type b
(Hib), inactivated poliovirus (IPV), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), and their
second dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine.
,3. A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child following a tonsillectomy. Which of the
following findings is a priority to report?
A. Presence of dark brown blood in emesis
B. Pain level of 4 on a FACES scale
C. Frequent swallowing
D. Hoarseness
Answer: C
Rationale: Frequent swallowing is a sign of post-operative bleeding in a child who has had
a tonsillectomy and should be reported immediately.
4. A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has cystic fibrosis. Which of the
following dietary recommendations should the nurse provide?
A. Low-protein diet
B. Low-calorie diet
C. Restricted fluid intake
D. High-protein, high-calorie diet
Answer: D
Rationale: Children with cystic fibrosis require a diet high in protein and calories to meet
their increased metabolic needs and combat malabsorption issues.
5. A nurse is assessing a 12-month-old child. Which of the following findings
should the nurse report to the provider?
A. The child has not doubled their birth weight.
B. The child cannot walk alone.
C. The child can sit without support.
D. The child uses a pincer grasp.
Answer: A
Rationale: By 12 months, an infant should have tripled their birth weight. Doubling birth
weight occurs by age 5 to 6 months.
, 6. A nurse is caring for a child who has sickle cell anemia and is experiencing a
vaso-occlusive crisis. Which of the following is the priority intervention?
A. Promote hydration
B. Administer oxygen
C. Administer antibiotics
D. Apply cold compresses to joints
Answer: A
Rationale: Hydration is the priority because it helps reduce the viscosity of the blood and
prevents further sickling. Oxygen is only indicated if hypoxia is present.
7. A nurse is teaching the parents of a toddler about safety. Which of the
following instructions should the nurse include?
A. Turn pot handles toward the back of the stove.
B. Set the water heater to 130 degrees Fahrenheit.
C. Keep the toddler in a forward-facing car seat until age 3.
D. Place the toddler in a walker for mobility.
Answer: A
Rationale: Turning pot handles toward the back of the stove prevents the toddler from
reaching and pulling down hot contents. Water heaters should be set to 120 degrees
Fahrenheit or less.
8. A nurse is assessing a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the
following findings is expected?
A. Hypotension
B. Increased urine output
C. Periorbital edema
D. Weight loss
Answer: C
