WGU D311 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Cytokines - ✔✔Protein molecules that act as chemical signals; produced by cells in
response to a stimulation event
✔✔Chemokines - ✔✔Chemotactic cytokines that recruit specific subsets of leukocytes
to infections, damaged tissue, and site of inflammation
✔✔Interferons - ✔✔cytokines released by cells that have been infected with a virus;
stimulate antiviral responses in nearby cells as well as the cells secreting the interferons
✔✔Histamine - ✔✔Pro inflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in
response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
✔✔Leukotrienes - ✔✔Lipid-based chemical mediators produced by leukocytes and
other tissue cells; promote inflammation and allergic responses
✔✔Erythrocytes - ✔✔red blood cells
✔✔Granulocytes - ✔✔neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils; leukocytes found in the
peripheral blood that are characterized by numerous granules in the cytoplasm.
✔✔Neutrophils - ✔✔Leukocytes with multilobed nucleus found in large numbers in the
peripheral blood; able to leave the bloodstream phagocytose pathogens in infected
tissues
✔✔Eosinophils - ✔✔Leukocytes with granules containing histamine weld major basic
proteins
✔✔Basophils - ✔✔Leukocytes with granules containing histamine and other chemicals
that facilitate allergic responses and inflammation when released
, ✔✔mast cells - ✔✔Granulocytes similar in origin and function to the basophils, but
reside in tissues
✔✔Agranulocytes - ✔✔Leukocytes that lack granules in the cytoplasm
✔✔natural killer cells - ✔✔Lymphoid cells that recognize and destroy abnormal target
cells by inducing apoptosis
✔✔Monocytes - ✔✔Large, granular, mononuclear leukocytes found in the peripheral
blood; responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens and damaged cells
✔✔Macrophages - ✔✔Monocytes that have left the bloodstream and differentiated into
tissue-specific phagocytes
✔✔Morbidity - ✔✔A state of illness
✔✔morbidity rate - ✔✔The number of cases of a disease expressed as a percentage of
the population or number per standard part of the population, such as 100,000
✔✔Prevalence - ✔✔The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or
condition present in a population at a given time.
✔✔incident - ✔✔The number of individuals with new infections of a particular disease in
a given period of time
✔✔mortality - ✔✔death
✔✔sporadic disease - ✔✔disease that occurs occasionally in a population
✔✔endemic disease - ✔✔disease constantly present in a population
✔✔pandemic disease - ✔✔an epidemic disease that occurs worldwide opposed to
regional
✔✔CDC (Center for Disease Control) - ✔✔Protect public health-safety through control
and prevention of disease
✔✔notifiable diseases - ✔✔diseases for which health officials request or require
reporting for public health reasons
✔✔Mortality and Morbidity weekly report - ✔✔The trade/ industry publication for
epidemiologist, reporting US public health data complied by the CDC
✔✔Cytokines - ✔✔Protein molecules that act as chemical signals; produced by cells in
response to a stimulation event
✔✔Chemokines - ✔✔Chemotactic cytokines that recruit specific subsets of leukocytes
to infections, damaged tissue, and site of inflammation
✔✔Interferons - ✔✔cytokines released by cells that have been infected with a virus;
stimulate antiviral responses in nearby cells as well as the cells secreting the interferons
✔✔Histamine - ✔✔Pro inflammatory molecule released by basophils and mast cells in
response to stimulation by other cytokines and chemical mediators
✔✔Leukotrienes - ✔✔Lipid-based chemical mediators produced by leukocytes and
other tissue cells; promote inflammation and allergic responses
✔✔Erythrocytes - ✔✔red blood cells
✔✔Granulocytes - ✔✔neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils; leukocytes found in the
peripheral blood that are characterized by numerous granules in the cytoplasm.
✔✔Neutrophils - ✔✔Leukocytes with multilobed nucleus found in large numbers in the
peripheral blood; able to leave the bloodstream phagocytose pathogens in infected
tissues
✔✔Eosinophils - ✔✔Leukocytes with granules containing histamine weld major basic
proteins
✔✔Basophils - ✔✔Leukocytes with granules containing histamine and other chemicals
that facilitate allergic responses and inflammation when released
, ✔✔mast cells - ✔✔Granulocytes similar in origin and function to the basophils, but
reside in tissues
✔✔Agranulocytes - ✔✔Leukocytes that lack granules in the cytoplasm
✔✔natural killer cells - ✔✔Lymphoid cells that recognize and destroy abnormal target
cells by inducing apoptosis
✔✔Monocytes - ✔✔Large, granular, mononuclear leukocytes found in the peripheral
blood; responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens and damaged cells
✔✔Macrophages - ✔✔Monocytes that have left the bloodstream and differentiated into
tissue-specific phagocytes
✔✔Morbidity - ✔✔A state of illness
✔✔morbidity rate - ✔✔The number of cases of a disease expressed as a percentage of
the population or number per standard part of the population, such as 100,000
✔✔Prevalence - ✔✔The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or
condition present in a population at a given time.
✔✔incident - ✔✔The number of individuals with new infections of a particular disease in
a given period of time
✔✔mortality - ✔✔death
✔✔sporadic disease - ✔✔disease that occurs occasionally in a population
✔✔endemic disease - ✔✔disease constantly present in a population
✔✔pandemic disease - ✔✔an epidemic disease that occurs worldwide opposed to
regional
✔✔CDC (Center for Disease Control) - ✔✔Protect public health-safety through control
and prevention of disease
✔✔notifiable diseases - ✔✔diseases for which health officials request or require
reporting for public health reasons
✔✔Mortality and Morbidity weekly report - ✔✔The trade/ industry publication for
epidemiologist, reporting US public health data complied by the CDC
