BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Exam 2026/2027 UPDATED
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
• What happens during REVERSE MUSCLE ACTION? -✓✓ specific movements
of the body the actions are reversed THEREFOR the positions of the origin and
insertion of a muscle are switched
• What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever? -✓✓ if the load is
closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther from the fulcrum only a small about
of effort is needed to move the load
• Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever -✓✓ fulcrum
• Agonist (Prime Movers) _________ muscles while antagonist ____________
muscles -✓✓ contract, relax
• What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called? -✓✓
synergists
• What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called? -✓✓
Compartment
• Origin an insertion of the masseter -✓✓ Origin = maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible
• What is the origin of the deltoid ? -✓✓ acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion,
and spine of scapula
,• What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ? -✓✓ semimebranosous,
semitendinosus, biceps femoris
• What 4 muscles make up the Quads ? -✓✓ rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus
medialis, vastus intermedialis
• What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up primarily of
neuron cell bodies? -✓✓ Ganglia
• The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________ muscles -✓✓
skeletal
• Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous
system? -✓✓ Sympathetic
• What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential?
-✓✓ electrical excitability
• What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon , and are norm
ally found in brain and spinal cord as well as motor neurons? -✓✓ Multipolar
• What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as well as are
primarily found in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and the olfactory area of brain? -
✓✓ Bipolar
• What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a
continuous process that emerges from the cell body? -✓✓ Unipolar or
Pseudounipolar
, • The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries, neurons, and the
pia mater -✓✓ astrocytes
• What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to support
neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
4. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve impulse generation
5. play a role in hearing and memory -✓✓ Astrocytes
• What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain fewer processes
as well as are responsible fro forming nd maintiang myelin sheath? -✓✓
Oligodendrocytes
• What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give them a spine like
projections as well as act as phagocytes? -✓✓ Microglial Cells
• What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer
that possess microvilli and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in
the circulation of CSF -✓✓ Ependymal Cells
• What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS? -✓✓ Schwann and satellite cells
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
• What happens during REVERSE MUSCLE ACTION? -✓✓ specific movements
of the body the actions are reversed THEREFOR the positions of the origin and
insertion of a muscle are switched
• What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever? -✓✓ if the load is
closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther from the fulcrum only a small about
of effort is needed to move the load
• Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever -✓✓ fulcrum
• Agonist (Prime Movers) _________ muscles while antagonist ____________
muscles -✓✓ contract, relax
• What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called? -✓✓
synergists
• What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called? -✓✓
Compartment
• Origin an insertion of the masseter -✓✓ Origin = maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible
• What is the origin of the deltoid ? -✓✓ acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion,
and spine of scapula
,• What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ? -✓✓ semimebranosous,
semitendinosus, biceps femoris
• What 4 muscles make up the Quads ? -✓✓ rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus
medialis, vastus intermedialis
• What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up primarily of
neuron cell bodies? -✓✓ Ganglia
• The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________ muscles -✓✓
skeletal
• Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous
system? -✓✓ Sympathetic
• What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential?
-✓✓ electrical excitability
• What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon , and are norm
ally found in brain and spinal cord as well as motor neurons? -✓✓ Multipolar
• What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as well as are
primarily found in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and the olfactory area of brain? -
✓✓ Bipolar
• What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a
continuous process that emerges from the cell body? -✓✓ Unipolar or
Pseudounipolar
, • The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries, neurons, and the
pia mater -✓✓ astrocytes
• What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to support
neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
4. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve impulse generation
5. play a role in hearing and memory -✓✓ Astrocytes
• What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain fewer processes
as well as are responsible fro forming nd maintiang myelin sheath? -✓✓
Oligodendrocytes
• What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give them a spine like
projections as well as act as phagocytes? -✓✓ Microglial Cells
• What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer
that possess microvilli and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in
the circulation of CSF -✓✓ Ependymal Cells
• What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS? -✓✓ Schwann and satellite cells
