BIOS252 Exam 2 Questions and Answers | Anatomy &
Physiology II with Lab | 2026 Updated Exam 2 Study Guide |
Detailed Explanations & Key Concepts | Grade A Preparation
Question and answer
Sympathetics - Lateral Grey horns of thoracic lumbar spine,
sympathetic trunk and preverterebral ganglia, short pre-
ganglionic nerve; long post ganglionic nerve; pre-ganglionic NT
is Ach, Post gaglionic NT is EPI and NE, Elevate HR and
respiratory rate, Pupil dilate, vasoconstrict blood vessels to
digestive organs and vasodilate blood vessels to extremities,
global response, long acting
SOMATIC- slows you down, cranial nerves and sacral nerves,
terminal ganglia that lie near or ont he effector organ, long
pre-ganlionic nerve, short post ganglionic nerve, pre-
ganglionic NT is Ach; Post ganglionic Ach, slows down heart
,rate and respiratory rate, pupil constrict, vasodilate blood
vessels to digestive organs and vasoconstrict to extremities
parasympathetic vs sympathetic - correct
answerparasympathetic (rest and digest) and sympathetic
(fight or flight)
Cholinergic vs. Adrenergic - correct answerCholinergic-
stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system
Adrenergic- increases BP, bronchodialators, reduces
intraocular pressure
autonomic reflexes - correct answersmooth muscle regulation,
heart and blood pressure regulation, regulation of glands,
digestive system regulation
Autonomic Dysreflexia - correct answerinvolves uncontrolled
activation of autonomic neurons, looks as if they are talking
but they are not. They think that they are talking to you, they
,are not though because they can not control it. Say things that
do not make sense.
What is the brain protected by? - correct answerBones of the
skull, cerebrospinal fluid, spinal meninges
Layers of brain from superficial to deep - correct answerdura,
arachnoid, pia
what layer of matter lies directly on the brain? - correct
answerpia matter
what is the blood flow to the brain supplied by? - correct
answerinternal carotid artery and the vertebral artery
can any disruption in oxygen or glucose damage the brain? -
correct answeryes
CSF - correct answercerebrospinal fluid
, what does CSF do? - correct answerProvides protection
against brain compression, chemical protection, and provides
nutrients to the brain.
How is CSF produced? - correct answerplasma is drawn from
the choroid plexuses through ependymal cells into the
ventricles to produce CSF
How does CSF flow? - correct answerArteries -> choroid plexus
-> ventricles (higher pressure) -> follows apertures to
subarachnoid spaces -> arachnoid granules (to venous return,
lowest pressure)
How is the brainstem divided? - correct answerMidbrain, Pons,
Medulla
What is the midbrain responsible for? - correct answervision
and hearing
Physiology II with Lab | 2026 Updated Exam 2 Study Guide |
Detailed Explanations & Key Concepts | Grade A Preparation
Question and answer
Sympathetics - Lateral Grey horns of thoracic lumbar spine,
sympathetic trunk and preverterebral ganglia, short pre-
ganglionic nerve; long post ganglionic nerve; pre-ganglionic NT
is Ach, Post gaglionic NT is EPI and NE, Elevate HR and
respiratory rate, Pupil dilate, vasoconstrict blood vessels to
digestive organs and vasodilate blood vessels to extremities,
global response, long acting
SOMATIC- slows you down, cranial nerves and sacral nerves,
terminal ganglia that lie near or ont he effector organ, long
pre-ganlionic nerve, short post ganglionic nerve, pre-
ganglionic NT is Ach; Post ganglionic Ach, slows down heart
,rate and respiratory rate, pupil constrict, vasodilate blood
vessels to digestive organs and vasoconstrict to extremities
parasympathetic vs sympathetic - correct
answerparasympathetic (rest and digest) and sympathetic
(fight or flight)
Cholinergic vs. Adrenergic - correct answerCholinergic-
stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system
Adrenergic- increases BP, bronchodialators, reduces
intraocular pressure
autonomic reflexes - correct answersmooth muscle regulation,
heart and blood pressure regulation, regulation of glands,
digestive system regulation
Autonomic Dysreflexia - correct answerinvolves uncontrolled
activation of autonomic neurons, looks as if they are talking
but they are not. They think that they are talking to you, they
,are not though because they can not control it. Say things that
do not make sense.
What is the brain protected by? - correct answerBones of the
skull, cerebrospinal fluid, spinal meninges
Layers of brain from superficial to deep - correct answerdura,
arachnoid, pia
what layer of matter lies directly on the brain? - correct
answerpia matter
what is the blood flow to the brain supplied by? - correct
answerinternal carotid artery and the vertebral artery
can any disruption in oxygen or glucose damage the brain? -
correct answeryes
CSF - correct answercerebrospinal fluid
, what does CSF do? - correct answerProvides protection
against brain compression, chemical protection, and provides
nutrients to the brain.
How is CSF produced? - correct answerplasma is drawn from
the choroid plexuses through ependymal cells into the
ventricles to produce CSF
How does CSF flow? - correct answerArteries -> choroid plexus
-> ventricles (higher pressure) -> follows apertures to
subarachnoid spaces -> arachnoid granules (to venous return,
lowest pressure)
How is the brainstem divided? - correct answerMidbrain, Pons,
Medulla
What is the midbrain responsible for? - correct answervision
and hearing
