PHIL 101 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SET A+
✔✔"Truly, if it was once no easy thing to become a Christian, I believe now it becomes
more difficult every year, because by now it has become so easy to become one-one
who finds a little competition only in becoming a speculative philosopher." - ✔✔On
Subjective Truth by Soren Kierkegaard
✔✔"Where does evil come from, if God made all things and, because he is good, made
them good too?' - ✔✔Confessions by St. Augustine
✔✔St. Augustine - ✔✔Early christian leader who writes the book City of God that
instructs how Christians are to be, main figure in the development of medieval Christian
thought, evil is the absence of good
✔✔"Now what harm will befall you in taking this side? You will be faithful, honest,
humble, grateful, generous, a sincere friend, truthful." - ✔✔Blaise Pascal
✔✔Brahman - ✔✔The ultimate reality both of ourselves and of the universe; a unity
underlying all individual selves and things
✔✔Polytheism - ✔✔The belief in many gods
✔✔Spenta Mainyu - ✔✔The beneficent twin spirit in Zoroastrianism
✔✔Angra Mainyu - ✔✔In Zoroastrianism, the evil twin, engaged in a cosmic struggle
with Ahura Mazda.
✔✔Zend Avesta - ✔✔Sacred book of Zoroastrianism
✔✔"Both small matters and great depend upon harmony." - ✔✔Analects by Confucius
, ✔✔Laozi - ✔✔Founder of Daoism
✔✔Ineffable - ✔✔Unutterable, indescribable
✔✔Buddha - ✔✔Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have found a path for
overcoming suffering.
✔✔Four Noble Truths of Buddhism - ✔✔1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2)
The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and
desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome
nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path
✔✔"The learned and noble disciple...becomes divested of passion, and by the absence
of passion he becomes free." - ✔✔Buddha
✔✔Muslim philosophers - ✔✔Who translated Aristotle into Latin, bringing his work back
on the map?
✔✔For motion and change - ✔✔Aquinas 1 proof; there had to be something that did not
need to be moved = God
✔✔Efficient Cause - ✔✔Aquinas 2 proof; God is what brings a thing into being or
initiates a change; God was the FIRST cause
✔✔From possibility and necessity - ✔✔Aquinas 3 proof; contingency of beings
necessitates a non-contingent being to bring forth existence
✔✔From gradation of being - ✔✔Aquinas 4 proof; degrees of perfection point to a
perfect being; perfect being = God
✔✔Governance - ✔✔Aquinas 5 proof; what's observable in this world, God is the
Intelligent Designer of everything
✔✔Analogy of lovers - ✔✔Soren Kierkegaard, you do not think about being in love
logically, sometimes love doesn't make sense
✔✔Not getting a promotion for his job - ✔✔What did Ivan Ilyich say the worst thing that
ever happen to him was?
✔✔He falls from a ladder - ✔✔How does Ivan Ilyich become terminally ill?
✔✔Joy - ✔✔What feeling does Ivan Ilyich die with after his fear of death is gone?
SET A+
✔✔"Truly, if it was once no easy thing to become a Christian, I believe now it becomes
more difficult every year, because by now it has become so easy to become one-one
who finds a little competition only in becoming a speculative philosopher." - ✔✔On
Subjective Truth by Soren Kierkegaard
✔✔"Where does evil come from, if God made all things and, because he is good, made
them good too?' - ✔✔Confessions by St. Augustine
✔✔St. Augustine - ✔✔Early christian leader who writes the book City of God that
instructs how Christians are to be, main figure in the development of medieval Christian
thought, evil is the absence of good
✔✔"Now what harm will befall you in taking this side? You will be faithful, honest,
humble, grateful, generous, a sincere friend, truthful." - ✔✔Blaise Pascal
✔✔Brahman - ✔✔The ultimate reality both of ourselves and of the universe; a unity
underlying all individual selves and things
✔✔Polytheism - ✔✔The belief in many gods
✔✔Spenta Mainyu - ✔✔The beneficent twin spirit in Zoroastrianism
✔✔Angra Mainyu - ✔✔In Zoroastrianism, the evil twin, engaged in a cosmic struggle
with Ahura Mazda.
✔✔Zend Avesta - ✔✔Sacred book of Zoroastrianism
✔✔"Both small matters and great depend upon harmony." - ✔✔Analects by Confucius
, ✔✔Laozi - ✔✔Founder of Daoism
✔✔Ineffable - ✔✔Unutterable, indescribable
✔✔Buddha - ✔✔Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have found a path for
overcoming suffering.
✔✔Four Noble Truths of Buddhism - ✔✔1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2)
The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and
desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome
nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path
✔✔"The learned and noble disciple...becomes divested of passion, and by the absence
of passion he becomes free." - ✔✔Buddha
✔✔Muslim philosophers - ✔✔Who translated Aristotle into Latin, bringing his work back
on the map?
✔✔For motion and change - ✔✔Aquinas 1 proof; there had to be something that did not
need to be moved = God
✔✔Efficient Cause - ✔✔Aquinas 2 proof; God is what brings a thing into being or
initiates a change; God was the FIRST cause
✔✔From possibility and necessity - ✔✔Aquinas 3 proof; contingency of beings
necessitates a non-contingent being to bring forth existence
✔✔From gradation of being - ✔✔Aquinas 4 proof; degrees of perfection point to a
perfect being; perfect being = God
✔✔Governance - ✔✔Aquinas 5 proof; what's observable in this world, God is the
Intelligent Designer of everything
✔✔Analogy of lovers - ✔✔Soren Kierkegaard, you do not think about being in love
logically, sometimes love doesn't make sense
✔✔Not getting a promotion for his job - ✔✔What did Ivan Ilyich say the worst thing that
ever happen to him was?
✔✔He falls from a ladder - ✔✔How does Ivan Ilyich become terminally ill?
✔✔Joy - ✔✔What feeling does Ivan Ilyich die with after his fear of death is gone?
