N432 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
Health Promotion
Answer:
pursuit of improving health through attention to modifiable determinants
overarching idea that encapsulates disease prevention and risk re-duction
Question:
What are the 4 core public health activities that community and public health
nurses participate in?
Answer:
1) participating in assessing and evaluating healthcare services to ensure that
people are informed of available programs and services and are assisted in the
utilization of available services
2) providing essential input to interdisciplinary programs that monitor,
anticipate, and respond to public health problems in population groups,
regardless of which disease or public health threat is identified
3) evaluating health trends and risk factors of population groups and helping
to determine priorities for targeted interventions
4) working with communities or specific population groups within the
community to develop public policy and targeted health promotion and
disease prevention activities
Question:
Motivational Interviewing
Answer:
patient-centered communication style for eliciting behavior change by helping
patients and groups explore and resolve ambivalence to change
examples:
• reflects on patient's ambivalence about quitting smoking
• helps client identify their own reasons to exercise
Question:
Learning Theories
Answer:
behavior change model using rewards as extrinsic motivation (praise,
encouragement, tangible rewards) to either continue or discontinue behavior
incremental increases are then made as the pattern of behavior is shaped
toward a specific goal
examples:
• praises teens who complete their vaccines
• gives grocery vouchers for attending prenatal classes
Question:
Health Belief Model
, Answer:
behavior change model that considers the severity of the potential illness or
physical challenge, the level of conceivable susceptibility, the benefits of
taking preventive action, and the challenges that may be faced in taking action
toward the goal of health promotion
uses cues as an important way to remind people of healthy behaviors and to
promote these actions
examples:
• click it or ticket campaign
• educates community on flu severity to increase vaccination rates
• explains risk of STIs to promote condom use
Question:
Transtheoretical Model
Answer:
sequential approach to behavior change on the basis of process across stages
and timely readiness of the learner
model promotes change using a 5 stage process:
1) precontemplation
2) contemplation
3) preparation
4) action
5) maintenance
individuals progress through these stages in a back-and-forth manner, NOT in
a linear fashion
example:
• provides education to smoker not ready to quit (precontemplation),
helps client set a quit date (preparation), offers support groups (maintenance)
Question:
Theory of Reasoned Action
Answer:
behavior model emphasizing that individual performance of a given behavior
is primarily determined by a person's intention to perform that behavior
intention is determined by the person's attitude toward the behavior, and the
influence of the person's societal environment or subjective norm
example:
• smoking cessation counseling
• discussing peer influence when counseling teens about vaping
• promoting positive attitudes towards condom use
Question:
Theory of Planned Behavior
Answer:
behavior change model focused on the belief that the person has control over
their behavior and the skills to be able to change it
"I believe I can, and I benefit from it, so I do"
examples:
• builds confidence in managing asthma inhaler technique
• shows client how to use a home BP monitor
, Question:
Social Learning Theory
Answer:
behavior change model that considers environmental influences, personal
factors, and behavior as key components to change
example:
• school leaders model anti-bullying behaviors
Question:
Social Support Theory
Answer:
behavior change model in which community members, friends, neighbors,
and adjacent communities influence change by offering instrumental
assistance, informational support, emotional support,
and appraising support
examples:
• providing transportation to buy groceries or building a safe place to walk in a
community (instrumental)
• providing a community board with information on how to obtain assistance
to clean a polluted pond (informational)
• calling an isolated family that has lost a child to assist them in their
bereavement (emotional)
• giving positive feedback about a new health skill (appraisal)
Question:
Relapse Prevention Model
Answer:
change model that is used primarily to assist people struggling with relapse
and recovery from substance use
involves skill building and planning for high-risk situations
relapse often occurs because of:
1) negative emotional states
2) lack of or limited coping skills
3) decreased motivation
4) stress
5) high-risk experiences
examples:
• identifies triggers in substance use recovery
• connects clients to sober support groups
Question:
Social Ecological Model
Answer:
suggests that behavior change in individuals needs to be considered in a
broader social context, including developmental history, psychological
characteristics, interpersonal relationships, physical environment, and culture
use a multilayered understanding of influence on behaviors
examples:
• encouraging family walking programs (interpersonal)
• advocating for safe parks (community)
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
Health Promotion
Answer:
pursuit of improving health through attention to modifiable determinants
overarching idea that encapsulates disease prevention and risk re-duction
Question:
What are the 4 core public health activities that community and public health
nurses participate in?
Answer:
1) participating in assessing and evaluating healthcare services to ensure that
people are informed of available programs and services and are assisted in the
utilization of available services
2) providing essential input to interdisciplinary programs that monitor,
anticipate, and respond to public health problems in population groups,
regardless of which disease or public health threat is identified
3) evaluating health trends and risk factors of population groups and helping
to determine priorities for targeted interventions
4) working with communities or specific population groups within the
community to develop public policy and targeted health promotion and
disease prevention activities
Question:
Motivational Interviewing
Answer:
patient-centered communication style for eliciting behavior change by helping
patients and groups explore and resolve ambivalence to change
examples:
• reflects on patient's ambivalence about quitting smoking
• helps client identify their own reasons to exercise
Question:
Learning Theories
Answer:
behavior change model using rewards as extrinsic motivation (praise,
encouragement, tangible rewards) to either continue or discontinue behavior
incremental increases are then made as the pattern of behavior is shaped
toward a specific goal
examples:
• praises teens who complete their vaccines
• gives grocery vouchers for attending prenatal classes
Question:
Health Belief Model
, Answer:
behavior change model that considers the severity of the potential illness or
physical challenge, the level of conceivable susceptibility, the benefits of
taking preventive action, and the challenges that may be faced in taking action
toward the goal of health promotion
uses cues as an important way to remind people of healthy behaviors and to
promote these actions
examples:
• click it or ticket campaign
• educates community on flu severity to increase vaccination rates
• explains risk of STIs to promote condom use
Question:
Transtheoretical Model
Answer:
sequential approach to behavior change on the basis of process across stages
and timely readiness of the learner
model promotes change using a 5 stage process:
1) precontemplation
2) contemplation
3) preparation
4) action
5) maintenance
individuals progress through these stages in a back-and-forth manner, NOT in
a linear fashion
example:
• provides education to smoker not ready to quit (precontemplation),
helps client set a quit date (preparation), offers support groups (maintenance)
Question:
Theory of Reasoned Action
Answer:
behavior model emphasizing that individual performance of a given behavior
is primarily determined by a person's intention to perform that behavior
intention is determined by the person's attitude toward the behavior, and the
influence of the person's societal environment or subjective norm
example:
• smoking cessation counseling
• discussing peer influence when counseling teens about vaping
• promoting positive attitudes towards condom use
Question:
Theory of Planned Behavior
Answer:
behavior change model focused on the belief that the person has control over
their behavior and the skills to be able to change it
"I believe I can, and I benefit from it, so I do"
examples:
• builds confidence in managing asthma inhaler technique
• shows client how to use a home BP monitor
, Question:
Social Learning Theory
Answer:
behavior change model that considers environmental influences, personal
factors, and behavior as key components to change
example:
• school leaders model anti-bullying behaviors
Question:
Social Support Theory
Answer:
behavior change model in which community members, friends, neighbors,
and adjacent communities influence change by offering instrumental
assistance, informational support, emotional support,
and appraising support
examples:
• providing transportation to buy groceries or building a safe place to walk in a
community (instrumental)
• providing a community board with information on how to obtain assistance
to clean a polluted pond (informational)
• calling an isolated family that has lost a child to assist them in their
bereavement (emotional)
• giving positive feedback about a new health skill (appraisal)
Question:
Relapse Prevention Model
Answer:
change model that is used primarily to assist people struggling with relapse
and recovery from substance use
involves skill building and planning for high-risk situations
relapse often occurs because of:
1) negative emotional states
2) lack of or limited coping skills
3) decreased motivation
4) stress
5) high-risk experiences
examples:
• identifies triggers in substance use recovery
• connects clients to sober support groups
Question:
Social Ecological Model
Answer:
suggests that behavior change in individuals needs to be considered in a
broader social context, including developmental history, psychological
characteristics, interpersonal relationships, physical environment, and culture
use a multilayered understanding of influence on behaviors
examples:
• encouraging family walking programs (interpersonal)
• advocating for safe parks (community)
