ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES GALEN COLLEGE NURSING 2026 TEST PAPERQUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+

ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES GALEN
COLLEGE NURSING 2026 TEST
PAPER QUESTIONS ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ What factors can affect the body's ability to maintain fluid and
electrolytes?.
Answer: Medications, surgery, trauma, and illness.


◉ What is the normal serum sodium level range?.
Answer: 135 to 145 mEq/L.


◉ What is hypernatremia?.
Answer: A serum sodium level greater than 145 mEq/L.


◉ What are common causes of hypernatremia?.
Answer: Impaired thirst mechanism, profuse sweating, diarrhea, diabetes
insipidus, and inappropriate use of oral electrolyte solutions.


◉ What are the manifestations of hyponatremia?.
Answer: Edema, muscle cramps, abdominal cramps, weakness, fatigue,
anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and at very low levels, convulsions, coma,
or death.


◉ What is the critical value for serum sodium in hyponatremia?.

, Answer: Less than 115 mEq/L.


◉ What is the initial nursing intervention for thiazide-induced
hyponatremia?.
Answer: Initiate fluid restriction.


◉ What is the normal serum potassium level range?.
Answer: 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.


◉ What is hyperkalemia?.
Answer: A serum potassium level greater than 5.0 mEq/L.


◉ What are common causes of hyperkalemia?.
Answer: Renal failure, potassium-sparing diuretic use, excessive
potassium intake, adrenal insufficiency, and acidosis.


◉ What are the manifestations of hyperkalemia?.
Answer: Tall, peaked T waves, widened QRS, dysrhythmias, cardiac
arrest, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, and
paresthesias.


◉ What is hypokalemia?.
Answer: A serum potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L.