EKG CLEP EXAM SCRIPT SOLVED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ Absolute poverty. Answer: A standard of poverty based on a
minimum level of subsistence below which families should not be
expected to exist.
◉ Achieved status. Answer: A social position attained by a person
largely through his or her own efforts.
◉ Activity theory. Answer: An interactionist theory of aging that
argues that elderly people who remain active will be best-adjusted.
◉ Adoption. Answer: In a legal sense, a process that allows for the
transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of
parenthood to a new legal parent or parents.
◉ Affirmative action. Answer: Positive efforts to recruit minority
group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational
opportunities.
◉ Ageism. Answer: A term coined by Robert N. Butler to refer to
prejudice and discrimination against the elderly.
,◉ Agrarian society. Answer: The most technologically advanced form
of preindustrial society. Members are primarily engaged in the
production of food but increase their crop yield through such
innovations as the plow.
◉ Alienation. Answer: The condition of being estranged or
disassociated from the surrounding society.
◉ Amalgamation. Answer: The process by which a majority group
and a minority group combine through intermarriage to form a new
group.
◉ Anomie. Answer: Durkheim's term for the loss of direction felt in a
society when social control of individual behavior has become
ineffective.
◉ Anomie theory of deviance. Answer: A theory developed by Robert
Merton that explains deviance as an adaptation either of socially
prescribed goals or of the norms governing their attainment, or both.
◉ Anticipatory socialization. Answer: Processes of socialization in
which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and
social relationships.
◉ Anti-Semitism. Answer: Anti-Jewish prejudice.
,◉ Apartheid. Answer: The former policy of the South African
government designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other
non-Whites from the dominant Whites.
◉ Argot. Answer: Specialized language used by members of a group
or subculture.
◉ Ascribed status. Answer: A social position "assigned" to a person
by society without regard for the person's unique talents or
characteristics.
◉ Assimilation. Answer: The process by which a person forsakes his
or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture.
◉ Authority. Answer: Power that has been institutionalized and is
recognized by the people over whom it is exercised.
◉ Bilateral descent. Answer: A kinship system in which both sides of
a person's family are regarded as equally important.
◉ Bilingualism. Answer: The use of two or more languages in
particular settings, such as workplaces or educational facilities,
treating each language as equally legitimate.
◉ Birthrate. Answer: The number of live births per 1,000 population
in a given year. Also known as the crude birthrate.
, ◉ Black power. Answer: A political philosophy promoted by many
younger Blacks in the 1960s that supported the creation of Black-
controlled political and economic institutions.
◉ Bourgeoisie. Answer: Karl Marx's term for the capitalist class,
comprising the owners of the means of production.
◉ Bureaucracy. Answer: A component of formal organization in
which rules and hierarchical ranking are used to achieve efficiency.
◉ Bureaucratization. Answer: The process by which a group,
organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic.
◉ Capitalism. Answer: An economic system in which the means of
production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for
economic activity is the accumulation of profits.
◉ Castes. Answer: Hereditary systems of rank, usually religiously
dictated, that tend to be fixed and immobile.
◉ Causal logic. Answer: The relationship between a condition or
variable and a particular consequence, with one event leading to the
other.
◉ Census. Answer: An enumeration, or counting, of a population.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ Absolute poverty. Answer: A standard of poverty based on a
minimum level of subsistence below which families should not be
expected to exist.
◉ Achieved status. Answer: A social position attained by a person
largely through his or her own efforts.
◉ Activity theory. Answer: An interactionist theory of aging that
argues that elderly people who remain active will be best-adjusted.
◉ Adoption. Answer: In a legal sense, a process that allows for the
transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of
parenthood to a new legal parent or parents.
◉ Affirmative action. Answer: Positive efforts to recruit minority
group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational
opportunities.
◉ Ageism. Answer: A term coined by Robert N. Butler to refer to
prejudice and discrimination against the elderly.
,◉ Agrarian society. Answer: The most technologically advanced form
of preindustrial society. Members are primarily engaged in the
production of food but increase their crop yield through such
innovations as the plow.
◉ Alienation. Answer: The condition of being estranged or
disassociated from the surrounding society.
◉ Amalgamation. Answer: The process by which a majority group
and a minority group combine through intermarriage to form a new
group.
◉ Anomie. Answer: Durkheim's term for the loss of direction felt in a
society when social control of individual behavior has become
ineffective.
◉ Anomie theory of deviance. Answer: A theory developed by Robert
Merton that explains deviance as an adaptation either of socially
prescribed goals or of the norms governing their attainment, or both.
◉ Anticipatory socialization. Answer: Processes of socialization in
which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and
social relationships.
◉ Anti-Semitism. Answer: Anti-Jewish prejudice.
,◉ Apartheid. Answer: The former policy of the South African
government designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other
non-Whites from the dominant Whites.
◉ Argot. Answer: Specialized language used by members of a group
or subculture.
◉ Ascribed status. Answer: A social position "assigned" to a person
by society without regard for the person's unique talents or
characteristics.
◉ Assimilation. Answer: The process by which a person forsakes his
or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture.
◉ Authority. Answer: Power that has been institutionalized and is
recognized by the people over whom it is exercised.
◉ Bilateral descent. Answer: A kinship system in which both sides of
a person's family are regarded as equally important.
◉ Bilingualism. Answer: The use of two or more languages in
particular settings, such as workplaces or educational facilities,
treating each language as equally legitimate.
◉ Birthrate. Answer: The number of live births per 1,000 population
in a given year. Also known as the crude birthrate.
, ◉ Black power. Answer: A political philosophy promoted by many
younger Blacks in the 1960s that supported the creation of Black-
controlled political and economic institutions.
◉ Bourgeoisie. Answer: Karl Marx's term for the capitalist class,
comprising the owners of the means of production.
◉ Bureaucracy. Answer: A component of formal organization in
which rules and hierarchical ranking are used to achieve efficiency.
◉ Bureaucratization. Answer: The process by which a group,
organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic.
◉ Capitalism. Answer: An economic system in which the means of
production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for
economic activity is the accumulation of profits.
◉ Castes. Answer: Hereditary systems of rank, usually religiously
dictated, that tend to be fixed and immobile.
◉ Causal logic. Answer: The relationship between a condition or
variable and a particular consequence, with one event leading to the
other.
◉ Census. Answer: An enumeration, or counting, of a population.
