BRIGHTSCHOLARZ
RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS|VERIFIED &
ALREADY GRADED A+
RASMUSSEN UNIVERSITY-FLORIDA
NUR 2063
Most Studied | Updated
NEWEST VERSION
#Bright_minds #stuvia@2026
, BRIGHTSCHOLARZ
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Stages of general adaptation syndrome. ANSWER - 1. Alarm
Initial reaction
Sympathetic nervous system
2. Resistance
Adaptation
Limit stressor
3. Exhaustion
Adaptation failing
Disease develops
Edema. ANSWER - Excess fluid in the interstitial space
Dehydration (ECF volume deficit). ANSWER - Can occur independently without
electrolyte defects
Decrease in fluid level leads to increase in level of blood solutes
Cell shrinkage
Hypotension
Hypovolemia or fluid volume deficit. ANSWER - Decreased fluid in the intravascular
space
Hypotonic Hydration. ANSWER - (fluid overload)
Causes of Fluid Deficit. ANSWER - Inadequate fluid intake
Poor oral intake
, BRIGHTSCHOLARZ
Inadequate IV fluid replacement
Excessive fluid or sodium losses:
Gastrointestinal losses Excessive diaphoresis Prolonged hyperventilation Hemorrhage
Nephrosis Diabetes mellitus Diabetes insipidus Burns Open wounds Ascites Effusions
Excessive use of diuretics Osmotic diuresis
Deydration Manisfestations. ANSWER - thirst, altered level of consciousness,
hypotension, tachycardia, weak and thready pulse, flat jugular veins, dry mucous
membranes, decreased skin turgor, oliguria, weight loss, and sunken fontanelles
Cancer Benign. ANSWER - Slow, progressive, localized, well defined, resembles host
(more differentiated), grows by expansion, does not usually cause death
Cancer Malignant. ANSWER - Rapid growing, spreads (metastasis) quickly, fatal, highly
undifferentiated
Sodium. ANSWER - Normal range: 135-145 mEq/L.
• Most significant cation and prevalent electrolyte of extracellular fluid.
• Controls serum osmolality and water balance. Plays a role in acid-base balance.
• Facilitates muscles and nerve impulses.
• Main source is dietary intake.
• Excreted through the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract.
Hypernatremia. ANSWER - Sodium > 145 mEq/L
Serum osmolarity increases
• Results in fluid shifts
Causes of Hypernatremia. ANSWER - Excessive sodium ingestion Hypertonic IV saline
(3% saline) administration
Cushing's syndrome
RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS|VERIFIED &
ALREADY GRADED A+
RASMUSSEN UNIVERSITY-FLORIDA
NUR 2063
Most Studied | Updated
NEWEST VERSION
#Bright_minds #stuvia@2026
, BRIGHTSCHOLARZ
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Stages of general adaptation syndrome. ANSWER - 1. Alarm
Initial reaction
Sympathetic nervous system
2. Resistance
Adaptation
Limit stressor
3. Exhaustion
Adaptation failing
Disease develops
Edema. ANSWER - Excess fluid in the interstitial space
Dehydration (ECF volume deficit). ANSWER - Can occur independently without
electrolyte defects
Decrease in fluid level leads to increase in level of blood solutes
Cell shrinkage
Hypotension
Hypovolemia or fluid volume deficit. ANSWER - Decreased fluid in the intravascular
space
Hypotonic Hydration. ANSWER - (fluid overload)
Causes of Fluid Deficit. ANSWER - Inadequate fluid intake
Poor oral intake
, BRIGHTSCHOLARZ
Inadequate IV fluid replacement
Excessive fluid or sodium losses:
Gastrointestinal losses Excessive diaphoresis Prolonged hyperventilation Hemorrhage
Nephrosis Diabetes mellitus Diabetes insipidus Burns Open wounds Ascites Effusions
Excessive use of diuretics Osmotic diuresis
Deydration Manisfestations. ANSWER - thirst, altered level of consciousness,
hypotension, tachycardia, weak and thready pulse, flat jugular veins, dry mucous
membranes, decreased skin turgor, oliguria, weight loss, and sunken fontanelles
Cancer Benign. ANSWER - Slow, progressive, localized, well defined, resembles host
(more differentiated), grows by expansion, does not usually cause death
Cancer Malignant. ANSWER - Rapid growing, spreads (metastasis) quickly, fatal, highly
undifferentiated
Sodium. ANSWER - Normal range: 135-145 mEq/L.
• Most significant cation and prevalent electrolyte of extracellular fluid.
• Controls serum osmolality and water balance. Plays a role in acid-base balance.
• Facilitates muscles and nerve impulses.
• Main source is dietary intake.
• Excreted through the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract.
Hypernatremia. ANSWER - Sodium > 145 mEq/L
Serum osmolarity increases
• Results in fluid shifts
Causes of Hypernatremia. ANSWER - Excessive sodium ingestion Hypertonic IV saline
(3% saline) administration
Cushing's syndrome
