NR565 / NR 565 FINAL EXAM
QUESTION BANK (LATEST 2026 /
2027): ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY
FUNDAMENTALS - CHAMBERLAIN
NR565 PHARMACOLOGY FINAL
Metformin - CORRECT ANSWER -Decreases glucose
production by the liver (glucogenesis), increases tissue
response to insulin;
Decrease glucose absorption; Increase
glucose uptake drug of choice for initial
therapy in most patients with type 2
diabetes
,Metformin contraindications - CORRECT ANSWER -renal
disease, acidosis from hepatic disease, alcoholics, or in
patients with hypoxia.
Metformin Major AE - CORRECT ANSWER -
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms: decreased appetite, nausea,
diarrhea
Lactic acidosis (rarely)
Sulfonylureas Prototype/MOA - CORRECT ANSWER -
Glyburide (Prototype Drug)
-Promote insulin secretion by the pancreas; may also increase
tissue response to insulin;
-stimulate beta cells of the pancreas to secrete more insulin
,Sulfonylureas AE - CORRECT ANSWER -high risk
of severe hypoglycemia; photosensitivity; therefore,
patient education is needed regarding sunscreen.
blood
dyscrasias
weight gain.
Sulfonylureas Contraindication - CORRECT ANSWER -
should be avoided in patients with impaired hepatic or renal
function.
Meglitinides (Glinides) Prototype/MOA - CORRECT
ANSWER --Repaglinide (Prototype Drug)
-stimulation of pancreatic insulin release though shorter acting
then sulfonylureas and are taken with each meal
, -Facilitates calcium influx in pancreatic β cells, which leads to
increased insulin release
Meglitinides Main AE - CORRECT ANSWER -
Hypoglycemia
Meglitinides Contraindications - CORRECT ANSWER -Use
with caution in patients with liver impairment and those
taking gemfibrozil.
Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) Prototype/MOA -
CORRECT ANSWER --Pioglitazone (Prototype Drug)
-enhance insulin sensitivity/decrease insulin resistance in
muscle tissue and reduce glucagon production in the liver
-Mainly an add on to Metformin
QUESTION BANK (LATEST 2026 /
2027): ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY
FUNDAMENTALS - CHAMBERLAIN
NR565 PHARMACOLOGY FINAL
Metformin - CORRECT ANSWER -Decreases glucose
production by the liver (glucogenesis), increases tissue
response to insulin;
Decrease glucose absorption; Increase
glucose uptake drug of choice for initial
therapy in most patients with type 2
diabetes
,Metformin contraindications - CORRECT ANSWER -renal
disease, acidosis from hepatic disease, alcoholics, or in
patients with hypoxia.
Metformin Major AE - CORRECT ANSWER -
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms: decreased appetite, nausea,
diarrhea
Lactic acidosis (rarely)
Sulfonylureas Prototype/MOA - CORRECT ANSWER -
Glyburide (Prototype Drug)
-Promote insulin secretion by the pancreas; may also increase
tissue response to insulin;
-stimulate beta cells of the pancreas to secrete more insulin
,Sulfonylureas AE - CORRECT ANSWER -high risk
of severe hypoglycemia; photosensitivity; therefore,
patient education is needed regarding sunscreen.
blood
dyscrasias
weight gain.
Sulfonylureas Contraindication - CORRECT ANSWER -
should be avoided in patients with impaired hepatic or renal
function.
Meglitinides (Glinides) Prototype/MOA - CORRECT
ANSWER --Repaglinide (Prototype Drug)
-stimulation of pancreatic insulin release though shorter acting
then sulfonylureas and are taken with each meal
, -Facilitates calcium influx in pancreatic β cells, which leads to
increased insulin release
Meglitinides Main AE - CORRECT ANSWER -
Hypoglycemia
Meglitinides Contraindications - CORRECT ANSWER -Use
with caution in patients with liver impairment and those
taking gemfibrozil.
Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) Prototype/MOA -
CORRECT ANSWER --Pioglitazone (Prototype Drug)
-enhance insulin sensitivity/decrease insulin resistance in
muscle tissue and reduce glucagon production in the liver
-Mainly an add on to Metformin
