PATH 370 - In Class Quiz 1 (Ch. 1, 2, 4, 7) Exam Questions with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE

N212PathophysiologyStudyGuide Exam w
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1

Focus Points:
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Sinusitis
● Etiology
- Sinusitis, often called rhinosinusitis, is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or mwe we we we we we we we we we we we we we




ore of the sinuses, usually the maxillary or frontal sinus. Swelling of the mucosa can block the d
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rainage of secretions, which can cause a sinus infection. we we we we we we we we




- Sinusitis often occurs after rhinitis and can be associated with a deviated nasal septum, nasal
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polyps, inhaled air pollutants or cocaine, facial trauma, dental infections, or loss of immune fu
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nction.
- The infection is often caused by a virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus infl
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uenzae, diplococcus, and bacteroides. we we we




Medications
Nasal decongestants, such as phenylephrine, are used to reduce swelling of the mucosa.
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Client education
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- Begin over-the-counter decongestant use at the first manifestation of sinusitis.
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- Manifestations of rebound nasal congestion can occur if decongestants are used for more than we we we we we we we we we we we we we we




3 to 4 days. we we we




- Broad-
spectrum antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, are used on a limited basis for a confirmed c we we we we we we we we we we we we we we




ausative bacterial pathogen. we we




- Pain relief medications include NSAIDs, acetaminophen, and aspirin.
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TherapeuticProcedures w
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- Deviated septum repair we we




- Surgical excision of nasal polyps we we we we




● Viral vs bacterial treatments for sinusitis we we we we we




The most common sinus infection are viral and account for ~90% of cases. These viral path
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ogens are often caused by the common cold virus or influenza virus.
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Viral infections will typically resolve on their own and DO NOT need antibiotics. Viral infection
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s usually resolve with a few weeks w/o antibiotics.
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Nursing Interventions:we




Treat the symptoms with NSAID, Saline or corticosteroid nasal sprays, decongestants, and
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, antihistamines.
Surgery may be required if sinusitis becomes a chronic condition (greater than 3 months).
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Sinus infections can also be caused by bacterial pathogens, but less common (10% of cases). Usually oc
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cur due to unresolved viral infections.
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The bacteria comes from the nose and throat. Antibiotics may be need to the infection.
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Most common bacterial pathogen is Step Pneumoniae and Hemophilus Influenzae Oral an
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tibiotics used to treat bacterial sinus infections: Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, we we we we we we we we




Levofloxacin. Azithromycin “Z- we we




pack” is overprescribed and not general not recommended due to antibiotic resistance.
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Sinusitis can also be caused by allergic “allergic sinusitis” and fungal infections although rare.
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Questions:

1.

Q: A nurse is providing care to a client who reports facial pain, including dental pain in the upper teet
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h. Which of the following additional symptoms would lead the nurse to suspect sinusitis as the source
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of the pain?
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A:The client has nasal congestion that does not significantly improve with over-the-
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counter decongestants or antihistamines. we we we




Explanation: The client has nasal congestion that does not significantly improve with over-the- we we we we we we we we we we we we




counter decongestants or antihistamines: Persistent nasal congestion despite the use of decongestant
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s or antihistamines is a common symptom of sinusitis, indicating that the source of the problem may b
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e inflammation or infection in the sinuses.
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2.
Q: A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with acute rhinosinusitis.
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Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to the client? Select all that apply.
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A.
Apply warm compresses. we we




B.
Completeprescribedantibiotics. we we




C.
Avoid smoking. we




D.