SAPPC STUDYS ALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔Signs of Impaired Perfusion - ✔✔- Edema
- Shortness of breath
- Cough
- Fainting
- Weight gain
- Cyanosis
- Tenting skin turgor
- Cool skin
- Diaphoresis (sweating)
- Long cap refill
- Clubbing
- Varicose veins
- Confusion
- Anxiety
- Decreased urine output
- Increased heart rate
- Hypotension (< 90/60)
- Hypertension
✔✔S1 Sound - ✔✔Beginning of systole
Mitral and Tricuspid valves close
✔✔S2 Sound - ✔✔Aortic and pulmonic valves close
✔✔Narrowing of what is an early sign of hypertension? - ✔✔Fundus
✔✔What causes target organ damage? - ✔✔- Remodeling (smaller
arteries/veins/capillaries)
- Atherosclerosis (injury to endothelial layer of arteries - forming plaque)
- Rarefaction
, ✔✔Rarefaction - ✔✔Decrease density of blood vessels
✔✔Target Organ Damage? - ✔✔- Stroke
- Dementia
- Retinopathy
- Atherosclerosis
- Renal failure
- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Angina
✔✔Primary Prevention - Hypertension - ✔✔- Diet
- Exercise
- No Smoking
✔✔Secondary Prevention - Hypertension - ✔✔- BP screening (18+, once every 2 year,
well-child visits)
- Lipid screening
✔✔Collaborative Interventions - Hypertension - ✔✔- Nutrition therapy
- Activity, exercise, positioning
- Smoking cessation
- Pharmacotherapy
✔✔How does alcohol increase BP? - ✔✔- Activates SNS
- Releases angiotensin II = RAAS
- Impairs baroreceptor reflexes
- should have <2 drinks/day
✔✔How much sodium should we intake? - ✔✔1500-2000mg per day
✔✔How often should you monitor BP in prehypertensive clients? - ✔✔once a year
✔✔Waist circumference: - ✔✔Men < 102 cm
Women < 88 cm
✔✔where is plaque found? - ✔✔Media
✔✔Why would increased epinephrine/norepinephrine levels cause hypertension? - ✔✔-
Increases vasoconstriction which increases TPR which increases MAP
- Increases heart rate and myocardial contraction which increases CO which increases
MAP
✔✔Neurological Control of BP - ✔✔- BP rises
- Arteries stretched
SURE A+
✔✔Signs of Impaired Perfusion - ✔✔- Edema
- Shortness of breath
- Cough
- Fainting
- Weight gain
- Cyanosis
- Tenting skin turgor
- Cool skin
- Diaphoresis (sweating)
- Long cap refill
- Clubbing
- Varicose veins
- Confusion
- Anxiety
- Decreased urine output
- Increased heart rate
- Hypotension (< 90/60)
- Hypertension
✔✔S1 Sound - ✔✔Beginning of systole
Mitral and Tricuspid valves close
✔✔S2 Sound - ✔✔Aortic and pulmonic valves close
✔✔Narrowing of what is an early sign of hypertension? - ✔✔Fundus
✔✔What causes target organ damage? - ✔✔- Remodeling (smaller
arteries/veins/capillaries)
- Atherosclerosis (injury to endothelial layer of arteries - forming plaque)
- Rarefaction
, ✔✔Rarefaction - ✔✔Decrease density of blood vessels
✔✔Target Organ Damage? - ✔✔- Stroke
- Dementia
- Retinopathy
- Atherosclerosis
- Renal failure
- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Angina
✔✔Primary Prevention - Hypertension - ✔✔- Diet
- Exercise
- No Smoking
✔✔Secondary Prevention - Hypertension - ✔✔- BP screening (18+, once every 2 year,
well-child visits)
- Lipid screening
✔✔Collaborative Interventions - Hypertension - ✔✔- Nutrition therapy
- Activity, exercise, positioning
- Smoking cessation
- Pharmacotherapy
✔✔How does alcohol increase BP? - ✔✔- Activates SNS
- Releases angiotensin II = RAAS
- Impairs baroreceptor reflexes
- should have <2 drinks/day
✔✔How much sodium should we intake? - ✔✔1500-2000mg per day
✔✔How often should you monitor BP in prehypertensive clients? - ✔✔once a year
✔✔Waist circumference: - ✔✔Men < 102 cm
Women < 88 cm
✔✔where is plaque found? - ✔✔Media
✔✔Why would increased epinephrine/norepinephrine levels cause hypertension? - ✔✔-
Increases vasoconstriction which increases TPR which increases MAP
- Increases heart rate and myocardial contraction which increases CO which increases
MAP
✔✔Neurological Control of BP - ✔✔- BP rises
- Arteries stretched
