HOSA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Hypovolemia - ✔✔Body loses both water and electrolytes from the ECF.
✔✔Hypoxia - ✔✔low oxygen levels in the tissues
✔✔Ischemia or Ischemic - ✔✔holding back or obstructing the flow of blood
✔✔Orthopnea - ✔✔a condition in which breathing becomes easier in an upright
standing or sitting position
✔✔Perfusion - ✔✔delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to the tissue by blood
✔✔Petechiae - ✔✔a tiny spiderlike hemorrhage under the skin
✔✔Phlebotomy - ✔✔surgical puncture of a vein to draw blood
✔✔Plaque - ✔✔a deposit of hardened material lining the blood vessel; or a gummy
accumulation of microorganisms that clings to teeth and is considered the forerunner of
caries and periodontal disease
✔✔Purpura - ✔✔a red-purple discoloration of the skin caused by multiple minute
hemorrhages in the skin or mucous membrane
✔✔Syncope - ✔✔fainting, light-headedness
✔✔Tachycardia or Tachycardiac - ✔✔rapid heartbeat; more than 100 beats per minute
✔✔Tamponade - ✔✔compression of a part by pressure or a collection of fluid
, ✔✔Thrombus - ✔✔a blood clot attached to the interior wall of a blood vessel, often
causing vascular obstruction
✔✔Azotemia - ✔✔an excess of urea or other nitrogenous bodies in the blood
✔✔Catheterization - ✔✔Introduction of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to inject or
remove fluid.
✔✔Creatinine - ✔✔an important nitrogen compound that is a normal constituent of urine
and blood; increased levels may indicate renal damage
✔✔Cystoscopy - ✔✔An examination of the bladder with an instrument called a
cystoscope.
✔✔Dialysate - ✔✔the fluid that passes through a semipermeable membrane during
dialysis
✔✔Glomeruli or Glomerulus - ✔✔a tiny ball of microscopic blood vessels on the end of
the renal tubules
✔✔Glomerulonephritis - ✔✔An autoimmune or infectious disease characterized by
inflammation of the glomeruli that may not produce symptoms or may present with
hematuria and proteinuria.
✔✔Glomerulosclerosis - ✔✔hardening of the renal glomerulus
✔✔Hemodialysis - ✔✔dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic
wastes from the bloodstream
✔✔Hydronephrosis - ✔✔accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis caused by obstruction,
forming a cyst
✔✔Immunosuppressive - ✔✔having the property of suppressing the body's immune
response to antigens
✔✔Lithotripsy - ✔✔crushing of stones (ex. Kidney stones, gallstones)
✔✔Nephrectomy - ✔✔the surgical removal of a kidney
✔✔Nephropathy - ✔✔Disease of the kidney
✔✔Nephrotoxic - ✔✔a quality of being destructive to kidney tissue
✔✔Oliguria - ✔✔scanty urination
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Hypovolemia - ✔✔Body loses both water and electrolytes from the ECF.
✔✔Hypoxia - ✔✔low oxygen levels in the tissues
✔✔Ischemia or Ischemic - ✔✔holding back or obstructing the flow of blood
✔✔Orthopnea - ✔✔a condition in which breathing becomes easier in an upright
standing or sitting position
✔✔Perfusion - ✔✔delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to the tissue by blood
✔✔Petechiae - ✔✔a tiny spiderlike hemorrhage under the skin
✔✔Phlebotomy - ✔✔surgical puncture of a vein to draw blood
✔✔Plaque - ✔✔a deposit of hardened material lining the blood vessel; or a gummy
accumulation of microorganisms that clings to teeth and is considered the forerunner of
caries and periodontal disease
✔✔Purpura - ✔✔a red-purple discoloration of the skin caused by multiple minute
hemorrhages in the skin or mucous membrane
✔✔Syncope - ✔✔fainting, light-headedness
✔✔Tachycardia or Tachycardiac - ✔✔rapid heartbeat; more than 100 beats per minute
✔✔Tamponade - ✔✔compression of a part by pressure or a collection of fluid
, ✔✔Thrombus - ✔✔a blood clot attached to the interior wall of a blood vessel, often
causing vascular obstruction
✔✔Azotemia - ✔✔an excess of urea or other nitrogenous bodies in the blood
✔✔Catheterization - ✔✔Introduction of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to inject or
remove fluid.
✔✔Creatinine - ✔✔an important nitrogen compound that is a normal constituent of urine
and blood; increased levels may indicate renal damage
✔✔Cystoscopy - ✔✔An examination of the bladder with an instrument called a
cystoscope.
✔✔Dialysate - ✔✔the fluid that passes through a semipermeable membrane during
dialysis
✔✔Glomeruli or Glomerulus - ✔✔a tiny ball of microscopic blood vessels on the end of
the renal tubules
✔✔Glomerulonephritis - ✔✔An autoimmune or infectious disease characterized by
inflammation of the glomeruli that may not produce symptoms or may present with
hematuria and proteinuria.
✔✔Glomerulosclerosis - ✔✔hardening of the renal glomerulus
✔✔Hemodialysis - ✔✔dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic
wastes from the bloodstream
✔✔Hydronephrosis - ✔✔accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis caused by obstruction,
forming a cyst
✔✔Immunosuppressive - ✔✔having the property of suppressing the body's immune
response to antigens
✔✔Lithotripsy - ✔✔crushing of stones (ex. Kidney stones, gallstones)
✔✔Nephrectomy - ✔✔the surgical removal of a kidney
✔✔Nephropathy - ✔✔Disease of the kidney
✔✔Nephrotoxic - ✔✔a quality of being destructive to kidney tissue
✔✔Oliguria - ✔✔scanty urination
